Bravi Riccardo, Quarta Eros, Del Tongo Claudia, Carbonaro Nicola, Tognetti Alessandro, Minciacchi Diego
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Physiological Sciences Section, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Exp Brain Res. 2015 Jun;233(6):1945-61. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4267-z. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
The involvement or noninvolvement of a clock-like neural process, an effector-independent representation of the time intervals to produce, is described as the essential difference between event-based and emergent timing. In a previous work (Bravi et al. in Exp Brain Res 232:1663-1675, 2014a. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3845-9 ), we studied repetitive isochronous wrist's flexion-extensions (IWFEs), performed while minimizing visual and tactile information, to clarify whether non-temporal and temporal characteristics of paced auditory stimuli affect the precision and accuracy of the rhythmic motor performance. Here, with the inclusion of new recordings, we expand the examination of the dataset described in our previous study to investigate whether simple and complex paced auditory stimuli (clicks and music) and their imaginations influence in a different way the timing mechanisms for repetitive IWFEs. Sets of IWFEs were analyzed by the windowed (lag one) autocorrelation-wγ(1), a statistical method recently introduced for the distinction between event-based and emergent timing. Our findings provide evidence that paced auditory information and its imagination favor the engagement of a clock-like neural process, and specifically that music, unlike clicks, lacks the power to elicit event-based timing, not counteracting the natural shift of wγ(1) toward positive values as frequency of movements increase.
一种类似时钟的神经过程的参与或不参与（即对要产生的时间间隔的独立于效应器的表征）被描述为基于事件的计时和新兴计时之间的本质区别。在之前的一项研究中（Bravi等人，《实验脑研究》，232:1663 - 1675，2014a。doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3845-9），我们研究了重复性等时性手腕屈伸动作（IWFEs），在尽量减少视觉和触觉信息的情况下进行，以阐明有节奏听觉刺激的非时间和时间特征是否会影响节律性运动表现的精度和准确性。在此，通过纳入新的记录，我们扩展了对先前研究中描述的数据集的检查，以调查简单和复杂的有节奏听觉刺激（点击声和音乐）及其想象是否以不同方式影响重复性IWFEs的计时机制。通过加窗（滞后一步）自相关-wγ(1)对IWFEs组进行分析，这是一种最近引入的用于区分基于事件的计时和新兴计时的统计方法。我们的研究结果提供了证据，表明有节奏的听觉信息及其想象有利于类似时钟的神经过程的参与，具体而言，与点击声不同，音乐缺乏引发基于事件计时的能力，不会抵消wγ(1)随着运动频率增加而向正值的自然偏移。
