Ortega Almudena, Gómez-Ariza Carlos J, Morales Julia, Bajo M Teresa
Dpto. de Psicología Experimental, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain,
Cogn Process. 2015 May;16(2):121-30. doi: 10.1007/s10339-015-0650-8. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
Research has shown that selective retrieval of episodic memories usually leads to forgetting of related memories that compete for retrieval [a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF)]. However, there are conflicting data regarding the duration of this incidental kind of forgetting. While some studies have found that this forgetting effect disappears within 24 h after selective retrieval, others suggest that it may last for as long as at least a week. In two experiments, we explored whether discrepancies in the durability of RIF may be due to variations in the type of relationships (preexisting vs. novel) that are present between items associated with a given cue. We explored this issue by manipulating the degree of involvement of preexisting/novel associations among competing items as well as the delay between retrieval practice and test (immediate in Experiment 1 and 24-h delay test in Experiment 2). The results suggest that forgetting lasts longer when the degree of preexisting associations among targets and competitors is low.
研究表明，情景记忆的选择性提取通常会导致对与之竞争提取的相关记忆的遗忘[一种被称为提取诱发遗忘（RIF）的现象]。然而，关于这种偶然遗忘的持续时间，存在相互矛盾的数据。虽然一些研究发现这种遗忘效应在选择性提取后的24小时内消失，但另一些研究表明它可能持续至少长达一周。在两项实验中，我们探讨了RIF持续性的差异是否可能是由于与给定线索相关的项目之间存在的关系类型（预先存在的与新形成的）的变化所致。我们通过操纵竞争项目之间预先存在的/新形成的关联的参与程度以及提取练习和测试之间的延迟（实验1中为立即测试，实验2中为24小时延迟测试）来探讨这个问题。结果表明，当目标和竞争者之间预先存在的关联程度较低时，遗忘持续的时间更长。
