Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2015 Jan 20;6(1):4. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-6-4. eCollection 2015.
Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:4. By mixing with water, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow's milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.
发酵液体饲料是指与水按 1:1.5 至 1:4 的比例混合的饲料。通过与水混合，饲料中自然存在的乳酸菌和酵母菌会大量繁殖，并产生乳酸、乙酸和乙醇，从而降低混合物的 pH 值。这种 pH 值的降低可以抑制饲料中病原微生物的生长。此外，当饲喂这种低 pH 值的混合物时，它会降低猪胃中的 pH 值，防止大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等病原体在胃肠道中增殖。对于仔猪来说，使用发酵液体饲料可以同时提供饲料和水，这可能有助于更容易地从母猪奶过渡到固体饲料。其次，提供适当生产的发酵液体饲料可以通过降低胃肠道中的 pH 值来增强胃作为第一道防线的作用，从而有助于排除肠道病原体。最后，给猪饲喂发酵液体饲料已被证明可以提高哺乳仔猪、断奶仔猪和生长育肥猪的性能。在这篇综述中，将讨论发酵液体饲料在猪日粮中的应用现状。这将包括讨论发酵液体饲料的理想特性和影响发酵的因素。此外，还将讨论发酵液体饲料的优缺点，包括其对胃肠道健康、肠道 pH 值和胃肠道中发现的细菌类型的影响，以及发酵液体饲料对猪性能的影响。
