Cooper Rachel
Politics, Philosophy & Religion, County South, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YL, UK.
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2015 Jun;51:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the D.S.M.-5, was published in May 2013. In the lead up to publication, radical changes to the classification were anticipated; there was widespread dissatisfaction with the previous edition and it was accepted that a "paradigm shift" might be required. In the end, however, and despite huge efforts at revision, the published D.S.M.-5 differs far less than originally envisaged from its predecessor. This paper considers why it is that revising the D.S.M. has become so difficult. The D.S.M. is such an important classification that this question is worth asking in its own right. The case of the D.S.M. can also serve as a study for considering stasis in classification more broadly; why and how can classifications become resistant to change? I suggest that classifications like the D.S.M. can be thought of as forming part of the infrastructure of science, and have much in common with material infrastructure. In particular, as with material technologies, it is possible for "path dependent" development to cause a sub-optimal classification to become "locked in" and hard to replace.
《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》的最新版本，即《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）于2013年5月出版。在出版前，人们预计分类会有重大变化；对前一版存在广泛不满，并且人们认为可能需要进行“范式转变”。然而，最终尽管付出了巨大的修订努力，出版的DSM - 5与它的前身相比，差异远小于最初的设想。本文探讨了为何修订DSM会变得如此困难。DSM是如此重要的一个分类，这个问题本身就值得探讨。DSM的案例也可以作为一个研究，更广泛地思考分类中的停滞现象；分类为何以及如何会抗拒变化？我认为像DSM这样的分类可以被视为科学基础设施的一部分，并且与物质基础设施有很多共同之处。特别是，与物质技术一样，“路径依赖”的发展可能导致一个次优分类被“锁定”且难以替代。
