Wang Tao, Long Xiaohua, Liu Zhaopu, Cheng Yongzhou, Yan Shaohua
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 Jun;44(2):674-82. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.030. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) are widely used in various industrial and commercial applications, but little is known about their potential hazard in the intestines of marine teleosts. In this study we investigated the effects of Cu-NPs and soluble Cu in the intestines of juvenile Epinephelus coioides. The fish were exposed in triplicate to control, 20 or 100 μg Cu L(-1) as either copper sulphate (CuSO₄) or Cu-NPs for 25 days. With an increase in Cu-NPs or CuSO₄ dose, the concentration of malonaldehyde in the intestines significantly increased, whereas the activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as glutathione concentration decreased compared to the control. Statistical analysis of an apoptosis index of intestinal cells showed that general dose-dependent apoptosis was induced by Cu-NPs or CuSO₄, with Cu-NPs inducing the significantly higher apoptosis index than CuSOv. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were increased with an increase in Cu-NPs or CuSO₄ dose, more so in the Cu-NPs than CuSO₄ treatment. With an increase in Cu-NPs or CuSOv dose, succinate dehydrogenase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and cytochrome c concentration in mitochondria decreased, accompanied by increased cytochrome c concentration in the cytosol. Concentration of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in the intestines and expression of corresponding genes were enhanced with an increase in the Cu-NPs or CuSOv dose, but the concentrations and expressions of immunoglobulin M and lysozyme decreased (more in the Cu-NPs than CuSO₄ treatment) compared to the control. Expression of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha showed a dose-dependent increase with the increased Cu-NPs or CuSO₄ dose, with the highest expression found in the Cu-NPs treatment. In conclusion, Cu-NPs had similar toxic effects as CuSOv in the intestines of juvenile E. coioides, but toxicity of Cu-NPs was more severe than that of CuSO₄.
铜纳米颗粒（Cu-NPs）广泛应用于各种工业和商业领域，但人们对其在海洋硬骨鱼类肠道中的潜在危害知之甚少。在本研究中，我们调查了Cu-NPs和可溶性铜对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼肠道的影响。将鱼分成三组，分别暴露于对照、20或100μg Cu L(-1)的硫酸铜（CuSO₄）或Cu-NPs中，持续25天。随着Cu-NPs或CuSO₄剂量的增加，肠道中丙二醛的浓度显著增加，而与对照相比，总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及谷胱甘肽浓度降低。肠道细胞凋亡指数的统计分析表明，Cu-NPs或CuSO₄诱导了一般的剂量依赖性凋亡，且Cu-NPs诱导的凋亡指数显著高于CuSO₄。随着Cu-NPs或CuSO₄剂量的增加，半胱天冬酶-3和半胱天冬酶-9的活性增加，在Cu-NPs处理中比在CuSO₄处理中增加得更多。随着Cu-NPs或CuSO₄剂量的增加，线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢酶和Na(+)-K(+)-ATP酶活性以及细胞色素c浓度降低，同时细胞质中的细胞色素c浓度增加。随着Cu-NPs或CuSO₄剂量的增加，肠道中热休克蛋白70和90的浓度以及相应基因的表达增强，但与对照相比，免疫球蛋白M和溶菌酶的浓度和表达降低（在Cu-NPs处理中比在CuSO₄处理中降低得更多）。白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达随着Cu-NPs或CuSO₄剂量的增加呈剂量依赖性增加，在Cu-NPs处理中表达最高。总之，Cu-NPs在斜带石斑鱼幼鱼肠道中的毒性作用与CuSO₄相似，但Cu-NPs的毒性比CuSO₄更严重。
