Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Chemosphere. 2015 Aug;132:142-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
We assessed the levels of potentially toxic trace metals, Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), and Cadmium (Cd), in dust, hair, nail and serum, sampled in rural, urban and industrial areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Trace metals occurrence in all samples, in descending order, was: Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd. The samples from the urban areas showed significantly higher concentration of toxic trace metals (Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, and Cd) than those from industrial (which conversely had higher levels of Pb and Cu), and than samples from rural areas. Bioaccumulation patterns showed that dust exposure is one of the major routes into human body for Cd, Pb, Co, Mn and Cr, while the burden of Zn, Cu, and Ni can be more linked to dietary sources. The concentrations of trace metals in the samples from Punjab were comparable and/or higher than those reported worldwide. In many cases, the levels of Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd in hair and nail were beyond the ATSDR threshold guideline values that may cause some serious health effects. Hazard Index (HI) calculated for trace metal concentrations in the human population of Punjab points particularly to health risks from Cd (for children in urban and industrial areas) and from Pb (for all sub-groups).
我们评估了巴基斯坦旁遮普省农村、城市和工业区灰尘、头发、指甲和血清中潜在有毒痕量金属（锌、铅、锰、铜、镍、铬、钴和镉）的水平。所有样本中痕量金属的含量依次为：锌、铅、锰、铜、铬、镍、钴、镉。与工业地区（相反，铅和铜含量较高）和农村地区相比，城市地区的样本中有毒痕量金属（锌、镍、铬、钴、锰和镉）的浓度明显更高。生物累积模式表明，灰尘暴露是 Cd、Pb、Co、Mn 和 Cr 进入人体的主要途径之一，而 Zn、Cu 和 Ni 的负担可能与饮食来源更相关。旁遮普省样本中的痕量金属浓度与全球报告的浓度相当或更高。在许多情况下，头发和指甲中的 Zn、Cr、Pb、Ni 和 Cd 水平超过了 ATSDR 阈值指导值，可能会对健康产生一些严重影响。旁遮普省人群中痕量金属浓度的危害指数（HI）特别指出了 Cd（城市和工业地区的儿童）和 Pb（所有亚组）的健康风险。
