Takeda Kiyoshi, Akira Shizuo
Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Curr Protoc Immunol. 2015 Apr 1;109:14.12.1-14.12.10. doi: 10.1002/0471142735.im1412s109.
The mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) family consists of 13 members, and recognizes specific patterns of microbial components, called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR-dependent recognition of PAMPs leads to activation of the innate immune system, which subsequently leads to activation of antigen-specific adaptive immunity. The TLR-mediated signaling pathways consist of the MyD88-dependent pathway and TRIF-dependent pathway, both of which induce gene expression. This unit discusses mammalian TLRs (TLR1 to 13) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms. Also discussed are TLR-mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs.
哺乳动物Toll样受体（TLR）家族由13个成员组成，可识别微生物成分的特定模式，即病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）。依赖TLR对PAMP的识别会导致固有免疫系统激活，进而引发抗原特异性适应性免疫的激活。TLR介导的信号通路包括MyD88依赖途径和TRIF依赖途径，二者均可诱导基因表达。本单元讨论了在微生物固有免疫识别中起关键作用的哺乳动物TLR（TLR1至13）。还讨论了TLR介导的信号通路以及可用于检测特定TLR的抗体。
