von Bondorff Mikaela B, Törmäkangas Timo, Salonen Minna, von Bonsdorff Monika E, Osmond Clive, Kajantie Eero, Eriksson Johan G
Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 7;10(4):e0122134. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122134. eCollection 2015.
There is some evidence linking sub-optimal prenatal development to an increased risk of disability pension (DP). Our aim was to investigate whether body size at birth was associated with transitioning into all-cause and cause-specific DP during the adult work career.
10 682 people born in 1934-44 belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study had data on birth weight extracted from birth records, and on time, type and reason of retirement between 1971 and 2011 extracted from the Finnish Centre for Pensions.
Altogether 21.3% transitioned into DP during the 40-year follow-up, mainly due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular disease. Average age of transitioning into DP was 51.3 (SD 8.4) for men and 52.2 (SD 7.6) for women. Cohort members who did not transition into DP retired 10 years later on average. Among men, higher birth weight was associated with a lower hazard of transitioning into DP, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) being 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-0.99 for 1 SD increase in birth weight). For DP due to mental disorders the adjusted HR was 0.90, 95% CI 0.81, 0.99. A similar but non-significant trend was found for DP due to cardiovascular disease. Among women there were no associations between body size at birth and all-cause DP (p for interaction gender*birth weight on DP p = 0.007).
Among men disability pension, particularly due to mental disorders, may have its origins in prenatal development. Given that those who retire due to mental health problems are relatively young, the loss to the workforce is substantial.
有证据表明，产前发育欠佳与领取残疾抚恤金（DP）的风险增加有关。我们的目的是调查出生时的体型是否与成年工作生涯中转为全因性和特定病因的残疾抚恤金有关。
赫尔辛基出生队列研究中1934年至1944年出生的10682人，其出生体重数据从出生记录中提取，退休时间、类型和原因数据从芬兰养老金中心提取，时间跨度为1971年至2011年。
在40年的随访中，共有21.3%的人转为领取残疾抚恤金，主要原因是精神障碍、肌肉骨骼疾病和心血管疾病。男性转为领取残疾抚恤金的平均年龄为51.3岁（标准差8.4），女性为52.2岁（标准差7.6）。未转为领取残疾抚恤金的队列成员平均在10年后退休。在男性中，出生体重较高与转为领取残疾抚恤金的风险较低相关，出生体重每增加1个标准差，调整后的风险比（HR）为0.94（95%置信区间[CI]为0.88-0.99）。因精神障碍领取残疾抚恤金的调整后HR为0.90，95%CI为0.81-0.99。因心血管疾病领取残疾抚恤金也发现了类似但不显著的趋势。在女性中，出生时的体型与全因性残疾抚恤金之间没有关联（性别*出生体重对残疾抚恤金的交互作用p=0.007）。
在男性中，残疾抚恤金，尤其是因精神障碍导致的残疾抚恤金，可能起源于产前发育。鉴于因心理健康问题退休的人相对年轻，劳动力的损失相当大。
