Applications of yeast-based signaling sensor for characterization of antagonist and analysis of site-directed mutants of the human serotonin 1A receptor.

The monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) regulates a wide spectrum of human physiology through the 5-HT receptor family. One such receptor, the 5-HT1A receptor (HTR1A), is the most widely studied subtype and represents a significant molecular target in medicinal and therapeutic fields. Yeast-based fluorescent reporter systems have proven to be especially useful for GPCR assays, since detection using a fluorescent reporter considerably simplifies measurement procedures. However, previously reported systems using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as the reporter in yeast still showed low signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios, making EGFP difficult to apply as an easily accessible tool. Therefore, we constructed a refined yeast-based GPCR biosensor employing a high-sensitivity strain that incorporated both a Gα-engineered receptor and a fluorescent reporter (ZsGreen). As we report here, the refined yeast-based fluorescent biosensor was applied successfully to antagonist characterization and analysis of site-directed mutants of the HTR1A receptor. Pindolol, a known antagonist of HTR1A, specifically inhibited agonist-induced signaling, demonstrating the ease of evaluating inhibition effects using our reporter strain. Characterization of site-specific receptor mutants confirmed the role of specific targeted residues, including the highly conserved DRY motif, in the activation of HTR1A. Thus, our refined yeast biosensor strain, which incorporates a ZsGreen reporter and an engineered Gα receptor, is expected to serve as a simple and practical sensing tool for evaluating the ligand candidates and defining residues important to the function of human GPCRs. Biotechnol.