Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel ; Division of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center , Beersheba , Israel ; Clalit Health Services , Tel Aviv , Israel.
Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel.
Front Pediatr. 2015 Mar 17;3:21. doi: 10.3389/fped.2015.00021. eCollection 2015.
The prevalence of developmental disabilities in the young age is of the order of 15%. When behavioral and social-emotional disorders, physical impairments, and sensory disorders are included, the need for special intervention increases to one out of four children. As the sensitivity and specificity of the best screening tests are in the range of 70-80%, their predictive value is controversial. The cost of conducting definitive tests and repeat screening for those who fail the screening tests is high. Children with severe disorders can be identified clinically without a screening test. The poor predictability, difficulty in implementation, and the high costs of developmental testing suggest that children, particularly those in high-risk communities, might be better served by implementing intervention programs for all, instead of trying to identify the outliers through screening.
儿童发育障碍的流行率为 15%左右。如果将行为和社会情感障碍、身体损伤和感官障碍包括在内,那么需要特殊干预的儿童比例增加到四分之一。由于最佳筛查测试的灵敏度和特异性在 70%-80%范围内,因此其预测值存在争议。对那些筛查测试失败的人进行明确测试和重复筛查的成本很高。对于那些有严重障碍的儿童,可以在不进行筛查测试的情况下进行临床诊断。发育测试的预测能力差、实施难度大以及成本高表明,对于儿童,尤其是那些处于高风险社区的儿童,实施全面的干预计划可能比试图通过筛查来识别异常儿童更有意义。