Reilly Michael J, Tomsic Jaclyn A, Fernandez Stephen J, Davison Steven P
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mercy Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri.
JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2015 May-Jun;17(3):202-7. doi: 10.1001/jamafacial.2015.0158.
To date, the conversation about facial rejuvenation surgery has focused on one goal: youthfulness. However, human beings are judged throughout life based on many other characteristics and personal qualities conveyed by their faces. The term facial profiling has been used to describe this act of determining personality attributes through visual observation.
To introduce the concept of facial profiling to the surgical literature and to evaluate and quantify the changes in personality perception that occur with facial rejuvenation surgery.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was a retrospective evaluation of preoperative and postoperative photographs of 30 white female patients who underwent facial rejuvenation surgery between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. Procedures included rhytidectomy (face-lift), upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, eyebrow-lift, neck-lift, and/or chin implant. The 60 photographs (30 preoperative and 30 postoperative) of these patients were split into 6 groups, each with 5 preoperative and 5 postoperative photographs. The same patient's preoperative and postoperative photographs were not included in any single group to avoid any recall bias. At least 24 individuals rated each photograph for 6 personality traits (aggressiveness, extroversion, likeability, trustworthiness, risk seeking, and social skills), as well as for attractiveness and femininity. The raters were blinded as to the intent of the study.
Ratings of personality traits, attractiveness, and femininity.
Of the 8 traits that were evaluated, analysis revealed 4 traits with statistically significant improvements when comparing preoperative and postoperative scores: likeability (+0.36, P < .01), social skills (+0.38, P = .01), attractiveness (+0.36, P = .01), and femininity (+0.39, P = .02). Improvement in scores for perceived trustworthiness (+0.22, P = .06), aggressiveness (-0.14, P = .32), extroversion (+0.19, P = .14), and risk seeking (+0.10, P = .27) did not demonstrate statistically significant changes.
Facial plastic surgery changes the perception of patients by those around them. Traditionally, these interventions have focused on improvements in youthful appearance, but this study illuminates the other dimensions of a patient's facial profile that are influenced by facial rejuvenation surgery. The data in this sample population demonstrate an increase in the perception of likeability, social skills, attractiveness, and femininity. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the surgical literature to evaluate these broader outcome measures after facial rejuvenation surgery.
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迄今为止，关于面部年轻化手术的讨论都集中在一个目标上：年轻化。然而，人们在一生中会根据面部传达的许多其他特征和个人品质来进行评判。“面部剖析”一词已被用于描述通过视觉观察来确定人格属性的这种行为。
将面部剖析的概念引入外科文献，并评估和量化面部年轻化手术所带来的人格认知变化。
设计、地点和参与者：本研究是对2009年1月1日至2013年12月31日期间接受面部年轻化手术的30名白人女性患者的术前和术后照片进行的回顾性评估。手术包括除皱术（面部提升）、上睑成形术、下睑成形术、提眉术、颈部提升术和/或下巴植入术。这些患者的60张照片（30张术前和30张术后）被分成6组，每组有5张术前和5张术后照片。同一患者的术前和术后照片不包含在任何单个组中，以避免任何回忆偏差。至少24人对每张照片的6种人格特质（攻击性、外向性、可爱度、可信度、冒险倾向和社交技能）以及吸引力和女性气质进行评分。评分者对研究目的不知情。
人格特质、吸引力和女性气质的评分。
在评估的8种特质中，分析显示，与术前和术后评分相比，有4种特质有统计学上的显著改善：可爱度（+0.36，P < 0.01）、社交技能（+0.38，P = 0.01）、吸引力（+0.36，P = 0.01）和女性气质（+0.39，P = 0.02）。在感知可信度（+0.22，P = 0.06）、攻击性（-0.14，P = 0.32）、外向性（+0.19，P = 0.14）和冒险倾向（+0.10，P = 0.27）方面的得分改善未显示出统计学上的显著变化。
面部整形手术改变了周围人对患者的认知。传统上，这些干预措施侧重于改善年轻外观，但本研究揭示了面部年轻化手术对面部剖析其他维度的影响。该样本人群的数据表明，可爱度、社交技能、吸引力和女性气质的认知有所增加。据我们所知，这是外科文献中第一项评估面部年轻化手术后这些更广泛结局指标的研究。
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