Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2019 Sep 1;21(5):369-374. doi: 10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0463.
Facial cosmetic surgery has previously focused on improvements in perceived physical attractiveness and youthfulness. However, human beings are judged throughout life based on many other characteristics and personal qualities that are conveyed by their faces.
To examine the association of facial cosmetic surgery in men with perceptions of attractiveness, masculinity, and personality traits.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort study with retrospective evaluation by blinded raters of preoperative and postoperative photographs of 24 male patients who underwent facial cosmetic surgery between January 1, 2009, and January 31, 2016. A total of 6 surveys were constructed with 8 sets of photographs each (4 preoperative and 4 postoperative). Each of these surveys was then sent to at least 36 lay people via the web-based survey tool Survey Monkey. Additional invites were sent for individual surveys until a minimum of 24 responses were received for each survey. Preoperative and postoperative photographs of the same patient were not placed in the same survey to avoid recall bias. Anonymous raters used a 7-point Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient's personality traits (aggressiveness, extroversion, likeability, risk seeking, sociability, and trustworthiness), attractiveness, and masculinity based on photographs in their assigned survey. Raters were blinded to study intent. Data analysis was performed between August 2018 and March 2019.
Ratings of personality, attractiveness, and masculinity.
This survey study included photographs of 24 men who underwent facial cosmetic surgery; the mean (SD) age of the patients was 49.3 (16.4) years. A total of 145 participants completed the survey; the majority of respondents were men (n = 81; 56%) between the ages of 25 and 34 years (n = 116; 80%). Score increases were significant for perceived attractiveness (0.29; 95% CI, 0.13-0.46), likeability (0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.57), social skills (0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.40), and trustworthiness (0.27, 95% CI, 0.11-0.44) when evaluating all facial cosmetic procedures together (upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, face-lift, brow-lift, neck-lift, rhinoplasty, and/or chin implant). Upper blepharoplasty was associated with positive changes in perceived likeability (0.72; 95% CI, 0.06-1.50) and trustworthiness (0.74; 95% CI, 0.22-1.25). Lower blepharoplasty was associated with decreased perception of risk seeking (-0.78; 95% CI, -1.45 to -0.10). Face-lift was associated with increased perception of likeability (0.69; 95% CI, 0.08-1.30) and trustworthiness (0.66; 95% CI, 0.05-1.27). Neck-lift was associated with increased perception of extroversion (0.60; 95% CI, 0.10-1.09) and masculinity (0.70; 95% CI, 0.21-1.19). Patients who underwent rhinoplasty had improvements in perceived attractiveness (0.51; 95% CI, 0.03-1.00) and likeability (0.40; 95% CI, 0.03-1.00). Chin augmentation did not show any significant improvements.
The results of this study suggest that men undergoing facial cosmetic surgery may experience changes in perceived attractiveness, masculinity, and a variety of personality traits. These findings complement those from a previous study on female patients, which together broaden the understanding of the association of cosmetic surgery with societal perceptions of persona.
NA.
重要性：面部整容手术以前主要侧重于改善容貌吸引力和年轻感。然而，人类在一生中还会根据其他许多特征和个人品质来评判，这些特征和品质是通过他们的面部传达的。
目的：研究男性面部整容手术与吸引力、男子气概和个性特征感知之间的关联。
设计、地点和参与者：回顾性队列研究，由 24 名男性患者的术前和术后照片的盲法评估者进行，这些患者于 2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2016 年 1 月 31 日期间接受了面部整容手术。共构建了 6 个调查，每个调查都有 8 组照片（术前 4 组，术后 4 组）。然后，通过基于网络的调查工具 Survey Monkey 将这些调查中的每一个发送给至少 36 名非专业人士。对于个别调查，会继续发出额外的邀请，直到每个调查收到至少 24 份回复。为了避免回忆偏差，同一患者的术前和术后照片不会放在同一调查中。匿名评估者使用 7 分李克特量表根据其指定调查中的照片来评估每个患者的个性特征（攻击性、外向性、可爱度、冒险性、社交能力和可信度）、吸引力和男子气概。评估者对研究目的不知情。数据分析于 2018 年 8 月至 2019 年 3 月进行。
主要结果和措施：人格、吸引力和男子气概的评价。
结果：这项调查研究包括了 24 名接受面部整容手术的男性患者的照片；患者的平均（SD）年龄为 49.3（16.4）岁。共有 145 名参与者完成了调查；大多数受访者为男性（n=81；56%），年龄在 25 岁至 34 岁之间（n=116；80%）。当评估所有面部整容手术（上眼睑整容术、下眼睑整容术、面部提升术、眉提升术、颈部提升术、鼻整形术和/或下巴植入术）时，感知吸引力（0.29；95%CI，0.13-0.46）、可爱度（0.41；95%CI，0.24-0.57）、社交技能（0.25；95%CI，0.08-0.40）和可信度（0.27；95%CI，0.11-0.44）的评分均显著增加。上眼睑整容术与感知可爱度（0.72；95%CI，0.06-1.50）和可信度（0.74；95%CI，0.22-1.25）的正性变化相关。下眼睑整容术与风险感知降低有关（-0.78；95%CI，-1.45 至-0.10）。面部提升术与可爱度（0.69；95%CI，0.08-1.30）和可信度（0.66；95%CI，0.05-1.27）的感知增加相关。颈部提升术与外向性（0.60；95%CI，0.10-1.09）和男子气概（0.70；95%CI，0.21-1.19）的感知增加相关。接受鼻整形术的患者在感知吸引力（0.51；95%CI，0.03-1.00）和可爱度（0.40；95%CI，0.03-1.00）方面有所改善。下巴隆突术没有显示出任何显著的改善。
结论和相关性：这项研究的结果表明，接受面部整容手术的男性可能会经历吸引力、男子气概和各种个性特征感知的变化。这些发现与之前对女性患者的研究结果相补充，共同拓宽了对整容手术与社会对个人形象认知之间关联的理解。
证据水平：无。
