Ting Lena H, Chiel Hillel J, Trumbower Randy D, Allen Jessica L, McKay J Lucas, Hackney Madeleine E, Kesar Trisha M
W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Neuron. 2015 Apr 8;86(1):38-54. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.042.
Neuromechanical principles define the properties and problems that shape neural solutions for movement. Although the theoretical and experimental evidence is debated, we present arguments for consistent structures in motor patterns, i.e., motor modules, that are neuromechanical solutions for movement particular to an individual and shaped by evolutionary, developmental, and learning processes. As a consequence, motor modules may be useful in assessing sensorimotor deficits specific to an individual and define targets for the rational development of novel rehabilitation therapies that enhance neural plasticity and sculpt motor recovery. We propose that motor module organization is disrupted and may be improved by therapy in spinal cord injury, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. Recent studies provide insights into the yet-unknown underlying neural mechanisms of motor modules, motor impairment, and motor learning and may lead to better understanding of the causal nature of modularity and its underlying neural substrates.
神经力学原理定义了塑造运动神经解决方案的特性和问题。尽管理论和实验证据存在争议，但我们提出了运动模式中存在一致结构的观点，即运动模块，它们是针对个体特定运动的神经力学解决方案，并由进化、发育和学习过程塑造。因此，运动模块可能有助于评估个体特有的感觉运动缺陷，并为合理开发增强神经可塑性和塑造运动恢复的新型康复疗法确定目标。我们提出，在脊髓损伤、中风和帕金森病中，运动模块组织会受到破坏，而治疗可能会改善这种情况。最近的研究为运动模块、运动损伤和运动学习尚未可知的潜在神经机制提供了见解，并可能有助于更好地理解模块化的因果本质及其潜在的神经基质。
