Khoza-Shangase Katijah
a University of the Witwatersrand , Box 57 , Johannesburg , 2050 , South Africa.
Afr J AIDS Res. 2010 Apr;9(1):1-9. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2010.484531.
This article reviews published research on auditory function in HIV-infected adults, while also highlighting the need for intensified research on this topic in Africa. It begins with an introduction to the effects of HIV disease and treatment on the auditory system, and so highlights the need to put auditory function in adults with HIV or AIDS on the healthcare and research agenda in developing countries. The discussion refers to this population in regard to: published prevalence and incidence data related to auditory manifestations; most prevalent types of auditory manifestations and hearing loss; degree, configuration, and symmetry of the hearing loss; types of onset of hearing loss; and the proposed direct and indirect causes of auditory manifestations in HIV disease. Finally, the possible effects of HIV/AIDS drug treatments on the auditory system, as an indirect cause of hearing loss, are also discussed. A review of the literature revealed that auditory manifestations in adults with HIV or AIDS are heterogeneous in nature and are possibly due to various causes. Auditory presentations, including hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo (in varied combinations) can occur with hearing loss, which includes conductive, mixed, sensorineural, and central types of hearing loss. The severity of hearing loss can range from mild to profound, occurring either unilaterally or bilaterally, with the types of onset including sudden or gradual and progressive. The varied causes of hearing loss include HIV infection or AIDS illness as a primary cause, opportunistic infections, and antiretroviral treatments. The studies discussed are mainly from developed countries where the presentation and management of HIV and AIDS can be different to that in developing countries because the context is different. This suggests a need for more research in this area since the numbers of adults living with HIV or AIDS in developing countries like South Africa is relatively high.
本文回顾了已发表的关于HIV感染成人听觉功能的研究，同时强调了在非洲加强该主题研究的必要性。文章开篇介绍了HIV疾病及治疗对听觉系统的影响，从而突出了将HIV或艾滋病成人的听觉功能纳入发展中国家医疗保健和研究议程的必要性。讨论围绕该人群涉及以下方面：与听觉表现相关的已发表患病率和发病率数据；最常见的听觉表现类型和听力损失情况；听力损失的程度、形态及对称性；听力损失的发病类型；以及HIV疾病中听觉表现的直接和间接成因。最后，还讨论了作为听力损失间接原因的HIV/AIDS药物治疗对听觉系统可能产生的影响。文献综述表明，HIV或艾滋病成人的听觉表现本质上具有异质性，可能由多种原因导致。听觉症状包括听力损失、耳鸣和眩晕（多种组合形式），听力损失类型包括传导性、混合性、感音神经性和中枢性听力损失。听力损失的严重程度可从轻度到重度，可单侧或双侧发生，发病类型包括突发性、渐进性或逐渐性。听力损失的多种原因包括作为主要病因的HIV感染或艾滋病疾病、机会性感染以及抗逆转录病毒治疗。所讨论的研究主要来自发达国家，在这些国家，HIV和艾滋病的表现及管理可能因背景不同而与发展中国家有所差异。鉴于南非等发展中国家感染HIV或艾滋病的成人数量相对较多，这表明该领域需要更多研究。
