Salgado Eduardo, Ribeiro Fernando, Oliveira José
University of Porto, Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Porto, Portugal.
School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Knee. 2015 Jun;22(3):243-8. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2014.10.002. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
The demands to which football players are exposed during the match may augment the risk of injury by decreasing the sense of joint position. This study aimed to assess the effect of pre-participation warm-up and fatigue induced by an official football match on the knee-joint-position sense of football players.
Fourteen semi-professional male football players (mean age: 25.9±4.6 years old) volunteered in this study. The main outcome measures were rate of perceived exertion and knee-joint-position sense assessed at rest, immediately after a standard warm-up (duration 25 min), and immediately after a competitive football match (90 minutes duration).
Perceived exertion increased significantly from rest to the other assessments (rest: 8.6±2.0; after warm-up: 12.1±2.1; after football match: 18.5±1.3; p<0.001). Compared to rest, absolute angular error decreased significantly after the warm-up (4.1°±2.2° vs. 2.0°±1.0°; p=0.0045). After the match, absolute angular error (8.7°±3.8°) increased significantly comparatively to both rest (p=0.001) and the end of warm-up (p<0.001). Relative error showed directional bias with an underestimation of the target position, which was higher after the football match compared to both rest (p<0.001) and after warm-up (p<0.001).
The results indicate that knee-joint-position sense acuity was increased by pre-participation warm-up exercise and was decreased by football match-induced fatigue.
Warm-up exercises could contribute to knee injury prevention, whereas the deleterious effect of match-induced fatigue on the sensorimotor system could ultimately contribute to knee instability and injury.
足球运动员在比赛中所面临的需求可能会通过降低关节位置感而增加受伤风险。本研究旨在评估参与前热身和正式足球比赛引起的疲劳对足球运动员膝关节位置感的影响。
14名半职业男性足球运动员（平均年龄：25.9±4.6岁）自愿参与本研究。主要观察指标为静息时、标准热身（持续25分钟）后即刻以及一场90分钟的足球比赛后即刻评估的主观用力程度和膝关节位置感。
主观用力程度从静息状态到其他评估状态显著增加（静息时：8.6±2.0；热身之后：12.1±2.1；足球比赛之后：18.5±1.3；p<0.001）。与静息时相比，热身之后绝对角度误差显著降低（4.1°±2.2°对2°.0±1.0°；p=0.0045）。比赛之后，绝对角度误差（8.7°±3.8°）相对于静息时（p=0.001）和热身结束时（p<0.001）均显著增加。相对误差显示出方向偏差，即对目标位置的低估，与静息时（p<0.001）和热身之后（p<0.001）相比，足球比赛之后的偏差更大。
结果表明，参与前热身运动可提高膝关节位置感敏锐度，而足球比赛引起的疲劳会降低该敏锐度。
热身运动可能有助于预防膝关节损伤，而比赛引起的疲劳对感觉运动系统的有害影响最终可能导致膝关节不稳定和损伤。
