Spinas E, Saggini A, Kritas S K, Cerulli G, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Pantalone A, Frydas A, Tei M, Speziali A, Saggini R, Pandolfi F, Conti P
Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015 Jan-Mar;29(1):1-6.
Vitamins are natural components of foods and are organic compounds distinct from fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Vitamin A is the generic descriptor for compounds with the qualitative biological activity of retinol. Unlike beta-carotene, vitamin A is not an antioxidant and its benefit is related to possible boosting of immune reactions. The effect of vitamin A on immune function is wide-reaching and its deficiency appears to affect immunity in several ways. Innate and adaptive immune responses are affected in some way by lack of vitamin A. Retinoids seem to act on differentiation of lymphocytes, antibody production, phagocytosis of macrophages, NK, Treg, and T helper cell activity. In addition, in humans, signs of a vitamin A deficiency also include the dysregulation of cytokine/chemokine generation and release. However, excess of vitamin A has been demonstrated to have toxic effects in most species studied. Here we summarize some important effects of vitamin A in immunity and inflammation.
维生素是食物的天然成分，是有别于脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质的有机化合物。维生素A是具有视黄醇定性生物活性的化合物的通用描述词。与β-胡萝卜素不同，维生素A不是抗氧化剂，其益处与可能增强免疫反应有关。维生素A对免疫功能的影响广泛，其缺乏似乎会以多种方式影响免疫力。先天性和适应性免疫反应会因缺乏维生素A而受到某种程度的影响。类视黄醇似乎作用于淋巴细胞的分化、抗体产生、巨噬细胞的吞噬作用、自然杀伤细胞（NK）、调节性T细胞（Treg）以及辅助性T细胞的活性。此外，在人类中，维生素A缺乏的迹象还包括细胞因子/趋化因子生成和释放的失调。然而，在大多数研究的物种中，已证明维生素A过量具有毒性作用。在此，我们总结维生素A在免疫和炎症方面的一些重要作用。
