Cristea C G, Gheonea I A, Săndulescu L D, Gheonea D I, Ciurea T, Purcarea M R
Department of Gastroenterology, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania.
Department of Radiology, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania.
J Med Life. 2015 Apr-Jun;8(2):120-8.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major health issue, ranked the fifth most common tumor and currently being responsible for a third of the cancer-related deaths globally, with an ever-increasing number of fatalities. Current advances in contrast-enhanced imaging techniques such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, multi-detector computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are improving the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography has widely become the first choice in liver tumor assessment, as it is faster, simpler and safer than other forms of diagnostic imaging. On the other hand, cross sectional computed tomography is frequently employed when a hepatic formation is suspected of malignancy and allows a more accurate characterization of lesions through multiphasic multi-detector computed tomography technology. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging represents another addition to the wide range of diagnostic and prognostic techniques available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and is currently regarded as one of the best tools for the characterization of these lesions. Furthermore, groundbreaking biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma are being discovered, although alpha-fetoprotein remains one of the most frequently used serum test in the early stages. Nonetheless, further advances are required for the detection of small liver carcinomas.
肝细胞癌是一个重大的健康问题，是全球第五大常见肿瘤，目前占全球癌症相关死亡人数的三分之一，且死亡人数不断增加。目前，超声造影、多排螺旋计算机断层扫描和扩散加权磁共振成像等对比增强成像技术的进展提高了肝细胞癌的诊断率。超声造影已广泛成为肝脏肿瘤评估的首选方法，因为它比其他形式的诊断成像更快、更简单、更安全。另一方面，当怀疑肝脏肿物为恶性时，经常采用横断面计算机断层扫描，通过多排螺旋计算机断层扫描技术可以更准确地对病变进行特征描述。扩散加权磁共振成像为肝细胞癌患者提供了广泛的诊断和预后技术，目前被认为是对这些病变进行特征描述的最佳工具之一。此外，尽管甲胎蛋白仍然是早期最常用的血清检测指标之一，但仍在发现肝细胞癌的突破性生物标志物。尽管如此，对于小肝癌的检测仍需要进一步的进展。
