Cabo Verde Sandra, Almeida Susana Marta, Matos João, Guerreiro Duarte, Meneses Marcia, Faria Tiago, Botelho Daniel, Santos Mateus, Viegas Carla
Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Loures, Portugal.
Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Loures, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, Portugal.
Res Microbiol. 2015 Sep;166(7):557-63. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
Poor hospital indoor air quality (IAQ) may lead to hospital-acquired infections, sick hospital syndrome and various occupational hazards. Air-control measures are crucial for reducing dissemination of airborne biological particles in hospitals. The objective of this study was to perform a survey of bioaerosol quality in different sites in a Portuguese Hospital, namely the operating theater (OT), the emergency service (ES) and the surgical ward (SW). Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (BCs) and fungal load (FL) were assessed by impaction directly onto tryptic soy agar and malt extract agar supplemented with antibiotic chloramphenicol (0.05%) plates, respectively using a MAS-100 air sampler. The ES revealed the highest airborne microbial concentrations (BC range 240-736 CFU/m(3) CFU/m(3); FL range 27-933 CFU/m(3)), exceeding, at several sampling sites, conformity criteria defined in national legislation [6]. Bacterial concentrations in the SW (BC range 99-495 CFU/m(3)) and the OT (BC range 12-170 CFU/m(3)) were under recommended criteria. While fungal levels were below 1 CFU/m(3) in the OT, in the SW (range 1-32 CFU/m(3)), there existed a site with fungal indoor concentrations higher than those detected outdoors. Airborne Gram-positive cocci were the most frequent phenotype (88%) detected from the measured bacterial population in all indoor environments. Staphylococcus (51%) and Micrococcus (37%) were dominant among the bacterial genera identified in the present study. Concerning indoor fungal characterization, the prevalent genera were Penicillium (41%) and Aspergillus (24%). Regular monitoring is essential for assessing air control efficiency and for detecting irregular introduction of airborne particles via clothing of visitors and medical staff or carriage by personal and medical materials. Furthermore, microbiological survey data should be used to clearly define specific air quality guidelines for controlled environments in hospital settings.
医院室内空气质量（IAQ）不佳可能会导致医院获得性感染、医院病态综合征以及各种职业危害。空气控制措施对于减少医院中空气传播生物颗粒的扩散至关重要。本研究的目的是对葡萄牙一家医院不同场所的生物气溶胶质量进行调查，这些场所包括手术室（OT）、急诊科（ES）和外科病房（SW）。分别使用MAS - 100空气采样器，通过直接撞击接种到胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂和添加抗生素氯霉素（0.05%）的麦芽提取物琼脂平板上，来评估需氧嗜温菌计数（BCs）和真菌负荷（FL）。急诊科显示出最高的空气微生物浓度（BC范围为240 - 736 CFU/m³；FL范围为27 - 933 CFU/m³），在几个采样点超过了国家立法规定的合格标准[6]。外科病房（BC范围为99 - 495 CFU/m³）和手术室（BC范围为12 - 170 CFU/m³）的细菌浓度低于推荐标准。虽然手术室的真菌水平低于1 CFU/m³，但在外科病房（范围为1 - 32 CFU/m³），有一个场所的室内真菌浓度高于室外检测到的浓度。在所有室内环境中，空气传播的革兰氏阳性球菌是在所测细菌种群中最常见的表型（88%）。在本研究中鉴定出的细菌属中，葡萄球菌（51%）和微球菌（37%）占主导地位。关于室内真菌特征，常见的属是青霉属（41%）和曲霉属（24%）。定期监测对于评估空气控制效率以及检测通过访客和医护人员衣物或个人及医疗用品携带的空气传播颗粒的异常引入至关重要。此外，微生物调查数据应用于明确界定医院环境中受控环境的特定空气质量指南。
