Thagard Paul, Wood Joanne V
Department of Philosophy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2015 Mar 27;6:334. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00334. eCollection 2015.
We propose a new approach for examining self-related aspects and phenomena. The approach includes (1) a taxonomy and (2) an emphasis on multiple levels of mechanisms. The taxonomy categorizes approximately eighty self-related phenomena according to three primary functions involving the self: representing, effecting, and changing. The representing self encompasses the ways in which people depict themselves, either to themselves or to others (e.g., self-concepts, self-presentation). The effecting self concerns ways in which people facilitate or limit their own traits and behaviors (e.g., self-enhancement, self-regulation). The changing self is less time-limited than the effecting self; it concerns phenomena that involve lasting alterations in how people represent and control themselves (e.g., self-expansion, self-development). Each self-related phenomenon within these three categories may be examined at four levels of interacting mechanisms (social, individual, neural, and molecular). We illustrate our approach by focusing on seven self-related phenomena.
我们提出了一种用于研究自我相关方面和现象的新方法。该方法包括：（1）一种分类法，以及（2）对多个机制层面的强调。这种分类法根据涉及自我的三种主要功能，将大约八十种自我相关现象进行分类：表征、影响和改变。表征自我涵盖了人们向自己或他人描绘自己的方式（例如，自我概念、自我呈现）。影响自我关注人们促进或限制自身特质和行为的方式（例如，自我提升、自我调节）。改变自我的时间限制比影响自我要少；它涉及那些在人们表征和控制自己的方式上产生持久改变的现象（例如，自我扩展、自我发展）。这三个类别中的每一种自我相关现象都可以在四个相互作用的机制层面（社会、个体、神经和分子）进行研究。我们通过聚焦七种自我相关现象来说明我们的方法。
