Zwipp H, Barthel P, Bönninger J, Bürkle H, Hagemeister C, Hannawald L, Huhn R, Kühn M, Liers H, Maier R, Otte D, Prokop G, Seeck A, Sturm J, Unger T
Klinik für Unfall- u. Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden.
Polizeidirektion Dresden.
Z Orthop Unfall. 2015 Apr;153(2):177-86. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1396260. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
For a very precise analysis of all injured bicyclists in Germany it would be important to have definitions for "severely injured", "seriously injured" and "critically injured". By this, e.g., two-thirds of surgically treated bicyclists who are not registered by the police could become available for a general analysis. Elderly bicyclists (> 60 years) are a minority (10 %) but represent a majority (50 %) of all fatalities. They profit most by wearing a helmet and would be less injured by using special bicycle bags, switching on their hearing aids and following all traffic rules. E-bikes are used more and more (145 % more in 2012 vs. 2011) with 600,000 at the end of 2011 and are increasingly involved in accidents but still have a lack of legislation. So even for pedelecs 45 with 500 W and a possible speed of 45 km/h there is still no legislative demand for the use of a protecting helmet. 96 % of all injured cyclists in Germany had more than 0.5 ‰ alcohol in their blood, 86 % more than 1.1 ‰ and 59 % more than 1.7 ‰. Fatalities are seen in 24.2 % of cases without any collision partner. Therefore the ADFC calls for a limit of 1.1 ‰. Some virtual studies conclude that integrated sensors in bicycle helmets which would interact with sensors in cars could prevent collisions or reduce the severity of injury by stopping the cars automatically. Integrated sensors in cars with opening angles of 180° enable about 93 % of all bicyclists to be detected leading to a high rate of injury avoidance and/or mitigation. Hanging lamps reduce with 35 % significantly bicycle accidents for children, traffic education for children and special trainings for elderly bicyclists are also recommended as prevention tools. As long as helmet use for bicyclists in Germany rates only 9 % on average and legislative orders for using a helmet will not be in force in the near future, coming up campaigns seem to be necessary to be promoted by the Deutscher Verkehrssicherheitsrat as, e.g., "Helmets are cool". Also, spots in TV should be broadcasted like "The 7th sense" or "Traffic compass", which were warning car drivers many years ago of moments of danger but now they could be used to warn bicyclists of life-threatening situations in traffic.
对于德国所有受伤自行车骑行者进行非常精确的分析，明确“重伤”“严重受伤”和“危急重伤”的定义很重要。这样一来，例如，三分之二接受手术治疗但未被警方登记的自行车骑行者就可以纳入总体分析。老年自行车骑行者（>60岁）占少数（10%），但在所有死亡案例中占多数（50%）。他们戴头盔受益最大，使用特殊自行车包、打开助听器并遵守所有交通规则会减少受伤。电动自行车的使用越来越多（2012年比2011年多145%），2011年底达到60万辆，且越来越多地卷入事故，但仍缺乏相关立法。所以即使对于功率500瓦、最高时速45公里的助力自行车，仍没有关于使用防护头盔的立法要求。德国所有受伤骑行者中，96%血液酒精含量超过0.5‰，86%超过1.1‰，59%超过1.7‰。24.2%的死亡案例中没有任何碰撞对象。因此，德国汽车俱乐部呼吁将酒精含量限制在1.1‰。一些虚拟研究得出结论，自行车头盔中的集成传感器与汽车中的传感器相互作用，可以防止碰撞或通过自动停车降低受伤严重程度。汽车上开口角度为180°的集成传感器能够检测到约93%的自行车骑行者，从而实现较高的避免受伤率和/或减轻受伤程度。悬挂式灯具可使儿童自行车事故显著减少35%，还建议对儿童进行交通安全教育以及对老年自行车骑行者进行专项培训作为预防手段。由于德国自行车骑行者平均头盔佩戴率仅为9%，且在不久的将来头盔使用的立法命令也不会生效，因此似乎有必要开展宣传活动，例如由德国交通安全委员会推动的“头盔很酷”活动。此外，电视上应播放像“第七感”或“交通指南针”这样的节目，这些节目多年前用于警告汽车司机危险时刻，现在可以用来警告自行车骑行者交通中的危及生命的情况。
