Mady Rana, Grover Will, Butrus Salim
Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University, Washington Hospital Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University and George Washington University, 900 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2015;2015:438402. doi: 10.1155/2015/438402. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
Though inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a specific predilection for the intestinal tract, it is a systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organs, including the eye. Ocular complications directly related to IBD are categorized as primary and secondary. Primary complications are usually temporally associated with IBD exacerbations and tend to resolve with systemic treatment of the intestinal inflammation. These include keratopathy, episcleritis, and scleritis. Secondary complications arise from primary complications. Examples include cataract formation due to treatment with corticosteroids, scleromalacia due to scleritis, and dry eye due to hypovitaminosis A following gut resection. Some ocular manifestations of IBD can lead to significant visual morbidity and temporally associated complications can also be a herald of disease control. Furthermore, ocular manifestations of IBD can occasionally manifest before the usual intestinal manifestations, leading to an earlier diagnosis. Thus, it is important to understand the clinical presentation of possible ocular manifestations in order to initiate appropriate treatment and to help prevent significant visual morbidity.
尽管炎症性肠病(IBD)对肠道有特定的偏好,但它是一种影响多个器官(包括眼睛)的全身性炎症性疾病。与IBD直接相关的眼部并发症分为原发性和继发性。原发性并发症通常在时间上与IBD发作相关,并且随着肠道炎症的全身治疗而趋于缓解。这些包括角膜病变、巩膜外层炎和巩膜炎。继发性并发症由原发性并发症引起。例子包括因使用皮质类固醇治疗导致的白内障形成、因巩膜炎导致的巩膜软化以及因肠道切除术后维生素A缺乏导致的干眼症。IBD的一些眼部表现可导致严重的视觉损害,并且时间上相关的并发症也可能是疾病得到控制的先兆。此外,IBD的眼部表现偶尔可在通常的肠道表现之前出现,从而导致更早的诊断。因此,了解可能的眼部表现的临床表现对于启动适当的治疗并帮助预防严重的视觉损害很重要。
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