Arrazola René A, Singh Tushar, Corey Catherine G, Husten Corinne G, Neff Linda J, Apelberg Benjamin J, Bunnell Rebecca E, Choiniere Conrad J, King Brian A, Cox Shanna, McAfee Tim, Caraballo Ralph S
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Apr 17;64(14):381-5.
Tobacco use and addiction most often begin during youth and young adulthood. Youth use of tobacco in any form is unsafe. To determine the prevalence and trends of current (past 30-day) use of nine tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookahs, tobacco pipes, snus, dissolvable tobacco, and bidis) among U.S. middle (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2011-2014 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS). In 2014, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among middle (3.9%) and high (13.4%) school students. Between 2011 and 2014, statistically significant increases were observed among these students for current use of both e-cigarettes and hookahs (p<0.05), while decreases were observed for current use of more traditional products, such as cigarettes and cigars, resulting in no change in overall tobacco use. Consequently, 4.6 million middle and high school students continue to be exposed to harmful tobacco product constituents, including nicotine. Nicotine exposure during adolescence, a critical window for brain development, might have lasting adverse consequences for brain development, causes addiction, and might lead to sustained tobacco use. For this reason, comprehensive and sustained strategies are needed to prevent and reduce the use of all tobacco products among youths in the United States.
烟草使用和成瘾大多始于青少年时期和青年期。青少年使用任何形式的烟草都是不安全的。为了确定美国初中（6 - 8年级）和高中（9 - 12年级）学生中九种烟草制品（香烟、雪茄、无烟烟草、电子烟、水烟、烟斗、鼻烟、可溶解烟草和比迪烟）当前（过去30天内）使用情况的流行率和趋势，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和食品药品监督管理局（FDA）分析了2011 - 2014年全国青少年烟草调查（NYTS）的数据。2014年，电子烟是初中（3.9%）和高中（13.4%）学生中最常使用的烟草制品。在2011年至2014年期间，这些学生中电子烟和水烟的当前使用率出现了统计学上的显著增长（p<0.05），而香烟和雪茄等更传统产品的当前使用率则有所下降，总体烟草使用率没有变化。因此，460万初中和高中学生继续接触包括尼古丁在内的有害烟草制品成分。在青春期这个大脑发育的关键时期接触尼古丁，可能会对大脑发育产生持久的不良后果，导致成瘾，并可能导致持续的烟草使用。出于这个原因，需要全面和持续的策略来预防和减少美国青少年对所有烟草制品的使用。
