Wright Nunes Julie A, Anderson Cheryl A M, Greene Jane H, Ikizler Talat Alp, Cavanaugh Kerri L
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Health System, Simpson Memorial Building, Room 311 102 Observatory, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
San Diego, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
BMC Nephrol. 2015 Mar 31;16:42. doi: 10.1186/s12882-015-0027-3.
Reducing dietary sodium has potential to benefit patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Little research is available defining dietary sodium knowledge gaps in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. We designed a brief screening tool to rapidly identify patient knowledge gaps related to dietary sodium for patients with CKD not yet on dialysis.
A Short Sodium Knowledge Survey (SSKS) was developed and administered to patients with pre-dialysis CKD. We also asked patients if they received counseling on dietary sodium reduction and about recommended intake limits. We performed logistic regression to examine the association between sodium knowledge and patient characteristics. Characteristics of patients who answered all SSKS questions correctly were compared to those who did not.
One-hundred fifty-five patients were surveyed. The mean (SD) age was 56.6 (15.1) years, 84 (54%) were men, and 119 (77%) were white. Sixty-seven patients (43.2%) correctly identified their daily intake sodium limit. Fifty-eight (37.4%) were unable to answer all survey questions correctly. In analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, education, health literacy, CKD stage, self-reported hypertension and attendance in a kidney education class, women and patients of non-white race had lower odds of correctly answering survey questions (0.36 [0.16,0.81]; p = 0.01 women versus men and 0.33 [0.14,0.76]; p = 0.01 non-white versus white, respectively).
Our survey provides a mechanism to quickly identify dietary sodium knowledge gaps in patients with CKD. Women and patients of non-white race may have knowledge barriers impeding adherence to sodium reduction advice.
减少饮食中的钠摄入可能对慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者有益。关于透析前CKD患者饮食钠知识差距的研究很少。我们设计了一种简短的筛查工具，以快速识别尚未接受透析的CKD患者与饮食钠相关的知识差距。
开发了一项简短的钠知识调查（SSKS）并应用于透析前CKD患者。我们还询问患者是否接受过关于减少饮食中钠摄入的咨询以及推荐的摄入量限制。我们进行了逻辑回归分析，以研究钠知识与患者特征之间的关联。将正确回答所有SSKS问题的患者特征与未正确回答的患者进行比较。
共调查了155名患者。平均（标准差）年龄为56.6（15.1）岁，84名（54%）为男性，119名（77%）为白人。67名患者（43.2%）正确识别了他们的每日钠摄入量限制。58名（37.4%）患者未能正确回答所有调查问题。在对年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、健康素养、CKD分期、自我报告的高血压以及是否参加肾脏教育课程进行校正的分析中，女性和非白人种族患者正确回答调查问题的几率较低（女性与男性相比为0.36[0.16,0.81]；p = 0.01；非白人与白人相比为0.33[0.14,0.76]；p = 0.01）。
我们的调查提供了一种快速识别CKD患者饮食钠知识差距的机制。女性和非白人种族患者可能存在知识障碍，阻碍他们遵守减少钠摄入的建议。
