激素、压力与认知：糖皮质激素和催产素对记忆的影响。
Hormones, stress, and cognition: The effects of glucocorticoids and oxytocin on memory.
作者信息
Wirth Michelle M
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 123B Haggar Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA, .
出版信息
Adapt Human Behav Physiol. 2015 Jun 1;1(2):177-201. doi: 10.1007/s40750-014-0010-4.
Abstract
Hormones have nuanced effects on learning and memory processes. The degree and direction of the effect (e.g., is memory impaired or enhanced?) depends on the dose, type and stage of memory, and type of material being learned, among other factors. This review will focus on two specific topics within the realm of effects of hormones on memory: (1) How glucocorticoids (the output hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) affect long-term memory consolidation, retrieval, and working memory, with a focus on neural mechanisms and effects of emotion; and (2) How oxytocin affects memory, with emphasis on a speculative hypothesis that oxytocin might exert its myriad effects on human social cognition and behavior via impacts on more general cognitive processes. Oxytocin-glucocorticoid interactions will be briefly addressed. These effects of hormones on memory will also be considered from an evolutionary perspective.
摘要
激素对学习和记忆过程有着细微的影响。其影响的程度和方向（例如，记忆是受损还是增强？）取决于剂量、记忆的类型和阶段、所学材料的类型以及其他因素。本综述将聚焦于激素对记忆影响领域内的两个特定主题：（1）糖皮质激素（下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴的输出激素）如何影响长期记忆巩固、提取和工作记忆，重点关注神经机制和情绪的影响；（2）催产素如何影响记忆，重点关注一个推测性假设，即催产素可能通过影响更一般的认知过程对人类社会认知和行为产生众多影响。将简要探讨催产素 - 糖皮质激素的相互作用。还将从进化的角度考虑激素对记忆的这些影响。
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