Chen Te-Hao, Chen Yi-Ling, Chen Chia-Yang, Liu Pi-Jen, Cheng Jing-O, Ko Fung-Chi
National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Houwan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan,
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 May;187(5):265. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4511-9. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
Millions of tourists visit Kenting National Park (KNP) in southern Taiwan every year, causing great amount of sewage discharges in this area. This study aimed to assess the impact of sewage on KNP surface waters using zebrafish embryo-larval bioassays combined with chemical analyses of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Surface water samples were collected monthly from May to October in 2010. During the monthly bioassays, zebrafish embryos were exposed to the water samples for 144 h. Hatchability, embryonic heart rate, larval survival rate, and deformities were recorded. Larval swimming behavior was also digitally quantified at the end of exposure. Significant decreases in hatchability and larval survival rate were observed at all sites. Both hatchability and larval survival rate were negatively correlated with nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water. The field water had little effect on embryonic heart rate and morphology. However, lower swimming speeds and activity levels were observed in the larvae, suggesting neurobehavioral toxicity of the surface waters. The general detection frequency of the 28 target PPCPs was 75%. High levels of some PPCPs, particularly caffeine, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and nonylphenol, were measured in the water samples. Our results show that surface waters in KNP have been strongly impacted by human activities, resulting in lethal and behavioral toxicities in developing fish.
每年有数百万游客前往台湾南部的垦丁国家公园（KNP），导致该地区污水大量排放。本研究旨在通过斑马鱼胚胎-幼体生物测定法结合药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的化学分析，评估污水对垦丁国家公园地表水的影响。2010年5月至10月每月采集地表水样本。在每月的生物测定中，将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于水样中144小时。记录孵化率、胚胎心率、幼体存活率和畸形情况。在暴露结束时还对幼体的游泳行为进行了数字量化。在所有采样点均观察到孵化率和幼体存活率显著下降。孵化率和幼体存活率均与水中亚硝酸盐和氨浓度呈负相关。现场水样对胚胎心率和形态影响较小。然而，观察到幼体的游泳速度和活动水平较低，表明地表水具有神经行为毒性。28种目标PPCPs的总体检出频率为75%。在水样中检测到一些PPCPs的含量较高，尤其是咖啡因、N,N-二乙基-3-甲基苯甲酰胺（避蚊胺）和壬基酚。我们的结果表明，垦丁国家公园的地表水受到人类活动的强烈影响，对发育中的鱼类产生了致死和行为毒性。
