Simončič Tina, Spies Thomas A, Deal Robert L, Bončina Andrej
Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotehnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
Environ Manage. 2015 Jul;56(1):127-43. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0482-4. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
In recent decades, much work has been invested to describe forest allocations with high societal values. Yet, few comparative analyses have been conducted on their importance and differences across the regions of the globe. This paper introduces a conceptual framework to characterize forest priority areas defined as areas with identified higher importance of societal values in the context of multi-objective forest management. The six dimensions of the framework (designation objective, prioritization of objectives, governance, permanency, spatial scale, and management regime) characterize the general approach (integrative vs. segregative) to multi-objective forest management and explain the form and role of priority areas for providing forest services. The framework was applied in two case study regions--Pacific Northwest of USA (PNW) and Central Europe (CE). Differences between the regions exist in all dimensions. Late-successional and riparian reserves are specific to the PNW, while protection against natural hazards is specific to CE. In PNW, priority areas are mainly focused on public lands whereas in CE they include public and private lands. Priority areas in PNW are designated in a much larger spatial context and have longer time commitments. In CE, integration of management objectives on priority areas prevails, whereas in PNW priority areas tend to be designated for single objectives. In CE, greater tolerance of timber management within priority areas compared to PNW is allowed. Convergent trends in application of priority areas between the regions indicate mixing of segregation and integration approaches to forest management.
近几十年来，人们投入了大量工作来描述具有高社会价值的森林配置。然而，很少有人对其在全球各地区的重要性和差异进行比较分析。本文引入了一个概念框架，以界定森林优先区域，即在多目标森林管理背景下具有更高社会价值重要性的区域。该框架的六个维度（指定目标、目标优先级、治理、永久性、空间尺度和管理制度）描述了多目标森林管理的总体方法（综合与分离），并解释了优先区域在提供森林服务方面的形式和作用。该框架应用于两个案例研究区域——美国太平洋西北地区（PNW）和中欧（CE）。各区域在所有维度上都存在差异。成熟后期和河岸保护区是PNW特有的，而抵御自然灾害则是CE特有的。在PNW，优先区域主要集中在公共土地上，而在CE，它们包括公共和私人土地。PNW的优先区域在更大的空间背景下指定，且有更长的时间承诺。在CE，优先区域的管理目标整合占主导，而在PNW，优先区域倾向于为单一目标指定。在CE，与PNW相比，优先区域内对木材管理的容忍度更高。各区域之间在优先区域应用方面的趋同趋势表明森林管理采用了分离与整合相结合的方法。
