European Forest Institute, Sustainability and Climate Change Programme, Yliopistokatu 6, 80100, Joensuu, Finland,
Environ Manage. 2014 Jun;53(6):1085-94. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0265-3. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
Forest protection is one of the main measures to prevent loss of biological and landscape diversity. This study aimed to assess to what extent forests are currently protected and how felling restrictions affect the potential annual wood supply within 27 European Union member states, Norway, and Switzerland and to discuss trade-offs between intensified use of forest biomass and forest protection efforts. Protected forests covered 33 million ha (20% of total forest area) in 2005, of which 16 million ha was protected for biodiversity and the remaining area for landscape diversity. Within the protected areas, on average 48% of the volume cannot be harvested in forests protected for biodiversity and 40% in forests protected for landscapes. Consequently, 73 million m(3) (10% of the annual theoretical potential supply from the total forest area) of wood cannot be felled from the protected forests in Europe. Protected forests do not necessarily affect wood supply given the current demand for wood in Europe. However, if demand for wood from European forests for material and energy use significantly increases, the impact of existing protected forest networks may become significant after all. On the other hand, wood harvesting is allowed to a fair extent in many protected areas. Hence, the question could be raised whether biodiversity and landscape diversity within designated areas are sufficiently protected. Careful planning is required to accommodate both the protection of biological and landscape diversity and demand for wood, while not forgetting all other services that forests provide.
森林保护是防止生物多样性和景观多样性丧失的主要措施之一。本研究旨在评估当前森林保护的程度以及采伐限制对 27 个欧盟成员国、挪威和瑞士的潜在年度木材供应的影响，并讨论在加强森林生物量利用与森林保护之间的权衡取舍。2005 年，受保护的森林覆盖了 3300 万公顷（占森林总面积的 20%），其中 1600 万公顷用于保护生物多样性，其余用于保护景观多样性。在受保护的区域内，平均有 48%的生物多样性保护区内的森林和 40%的景观保护区内的森林的蓄积量无法进行采伐。因此，欧洲受保护的森林中有 7300 万立方米（占总森林面积理论年潜在供应量的 10%）的木材无法砍伐。考虑到欧洲目前对木材的需求，受保护的森林不一定会影响木材供应。然而，如果欧洲森林对材料和能源的木材需求显著增加，那么现有受保护的森林网络的影响最终可能会变得显著。另一方面，在许多受保护区域内，允许在一定程度上进行木材采伐。因此，人们可能会质疑指定区域内的生物多样性和景观多样性是否得到了充分保护。在不忘记森林提供的所有其他服务的情况下，需要进行精心规划，以兼顾生物和景观多样性的保护以及对木材的需求。
