长期暴露于细颗粒物空气污染与加拿大女性死亡率。

Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Mortality Among Canadian Women.

机构信息

From the aDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; bAir Health Effects Science Division, cPopulation Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; dDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and eDepartment of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

出版信息

Epidemiology. 2015 Jul;26(4):536-45. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000294.

DOI:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000294

PMID:25894856

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with increased mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease. There are, however, uncertainties about the nature of the exposure-response relation at lower concentrations. In Canada, where ambient air pollution levels are substantially lower than in most other countries, there have been few attempts to study associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality.

METHODS

We present a prospective cohort analysis of 89,248 women who enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study between 1980 and 1985, and for whom residential measures of PM2.5 could be assigned. We derived individual-level estimates of long-term exposure to PM2.5 from satellite observations. We linked cohort records to national mortality data to ascertain mortality between 1980 and 2005. We used Cox proportional hazards models to characterize associations between PM2.5 and several causes of death. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) computed from these models were adjusted for several individual and neighborhood-level characteristics.

RESULTS

The cohort was composed predominantly of Canadian-born (82%) and married (80%) women. The median residential concentration of PM2.5 was 9.1 μg/m(3) (standard deviation = 3.4). In fully adjusted models, a 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with elevated risks of nonaccidental (HR: 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.19), and ischemic heart disease mortality (HR: 1.34; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.66).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings from this study provide additional support for the hypothesis that exposure to very low levels of ambient PM2.5 increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality.

摘要

背景

长期暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）与死亡率的增加有关，尤其是心血管疾病的死亡率。然而，在较低浓度下，暴露-反应关系的性质尚不确定。在加拿大，环境空气污染水平远低于大多数其他国家，但很少有研究试图研究长期暴露于 PM2.5 与死亡率之间的关系。

方法

我们对 89248 名参加 1980 年至 1985 年加拿大国家乳房筛查研究的女性进行了前瞻性队列分析，并且可以为她们分配住宅 PM2.5 测量值。我们从卫星观测中得出了个体长期 PM2.5 暴露的估计值。我们将队列记录与国家死亡率数据相关联，以确定 1980 年至 2005 年期间的死亡率。我们使用 Cox 比例风险模型来描述 PM2.5 与几种死因之间的关系。这些模型计算得出的危害比（HR）和 95％置信区间（CI）调整了多个个体和邻里水平的特征。

结果

该队列主要由加拿大出生（82％）和已婚（80％）女性组成。住宅 PM2.5 的中位数浓度为 9.1μg/m3（标准差= 3.4）。在完全调整的模型中，PM2.5 暴露增加 10μg/m3 与非意外死亡（HR：1.12；95％CI = 1.04，1.19）和缺血性心脏病死亡率（HR：1.34；95％CI = 1.09，1.66）的风险增加相关。