Barnaby Stacey N, Sita Timothy L, Petrosko Sarah Hurst, Stegh Alexander H, Mirkin Chad A
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Cancer Treat Res. 2015;166:23-50. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_2.
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) represent an emerging class of nanoparticle-based therapeutics. SNAs consist of densely functionalized and highly oriented oligonucleotides on the surface of a nanoparticle which can either be inorganic (such as gold or platinum) or hollow (such as liposomal or silica-based). The spherical architecture of the oligonucleotide shell confers unique advantages over traditional nucleic acid delivery methods, including entry into nearly all cells independent of transfection agents and resistance to nuclease degradation. Furthermore, SNAs can penetrate biological barriers, including the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers as well as the epidermis, and have demonstrated efficacy in several murine disease models in the absence of significant adverse side effects. In this chapter, we will focus on the applications of SNAs in cancer therapy as well as discuss multimodal SNAs for drug delivery and imaging.
球形核酸（SNA）代表了一类新兴的基于纳米颗粒的疗法。SNA由纳米颗粒表面密集功能化且高度定向的寡核苷酸组成，该纳米颗粒可以是无机的（如金或铂）或中空的（如脂质体或二氧化硅基）。寡核苷酸壳的球形结构赋予了其相对于传统核酸递送方法的独特优势，包括无需转染剂即可进入几乎所有细胞以及对核酸酶降解具有抗性。此外，SNA可以穿透生物屏障，包括血脑屏障、血肿瘤屏障以及表皮，并且在几种小鼠疾病模型中已显示出疗效，且无明显不良副作用。在本章中，我们将重点关注SNA在癌症治疗中的应用，并讨论用于药物递送和成像的多模态SNA。
