Cohen S, Lichtenstein E, Prochaska J O, Rossi J S, Gritz E R, Carr C R, Orleans C T, Schoenbach V J, Biener L, Abrams D
Am Psychol. 1989 Nov;44(11):1355-65. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.44.11.1355.
This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N greater than 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature of quitting was also examined. There was a moderate rate (mdn = 2.7%) of long-term quitting initiated after the early months (expected quitting window) of these studies, but also a high rate (mdn = 24%) of relapsing for persons abstinent for six months. The number of previous unsuccessful quit attempts was unrelated to success in quitting. Finally, there were few occasional smokers (slips) among successful long-term quitters. We argue that quitting smoking is a dynamic process, not a discrete event.
本文研究了来自10项长期前瞻性研究（样本量N大于5000）的数据，这些数据与自我戒烟的关键问题相关，尤其是沙克特所讨论的那些问题。当对单次戒烟尝试进行评估时，自我戒烟者的成功率并不比正规治疗项目所报告的成功率更高。轻度吸烟者（每天吸20支或更少香烟）戒烟的可能性是重度吸烟者的2.2倍。研究还考察了戒烟的周期性。在这些研究的最初几个月（预期戒烟窗口期）之后，有适度比例（中位数=2.7%）的人开始长期戒烟，但对于戒烟六个月的人来说，复吸率也很高（中位数=24%）。之前戒烟尝试未成功的次数与此次戒烟成功与否无关。最后，成功的长期戒烟者中偶尔吸烟（复吸）的情况很少。我们认为，戒烟是一个动态过程，而非一个离散事件。
