Arena Umberto, Ardolino Filomena, Di Gregorio Fabrizio
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; AMRA s.c.a r.l., Analysis and Monitoring of Environmental Risk, Via Nuova Agnano, 11, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2015 Jul;41:60-74. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.041. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
An attributional life cycle analysis (LCA) was developed to compare the environmental performances of two waste-to-energy (WtE) units, which utilize the predominant technologies among those available for combustion and gasification processes: a moving grate combustor and a vertical shaft gasifier coupled with direct melting. The two units were assumed to be fed with the same unsorted residual municipal waste, having a composition estimated as a European average. Data from several plants in operation were processed by means of mass and energy balances, and on the basis of the flows and stocks of materials and elements inside and throughout the two units, as provided by a specific substance flow analysis. The potential life cycle environmental impacts related to the operations of the two WtE units were estimated by means of the Impact 2002+ methodology. They indicate that both the technologies have sustainable environmental performances, but those of the moving grate combustion unit are better for most of the selected impact categories. The analysis of the contributions from all the stages of each specific technology suggests where improvements in technological solutions and management criteria should be focused to obtain further and remarkable environmental improvements.
开展了归因生命周期分析（LCA），以比较两个垃圾能源化（WtE）装置的环境绩效，这两个装置采用了燃烧和气化过程中可用的主要技术：一个活动炉排燃烧器和一个与直接熔化相结合的竖炉气化器。假设这两个装置进料相同的未分类城市残余垃圾，其成分估计为欧洲平均水平。通过质量和能量平衡，以及特定物质流分析提供的两个装置内部及整个过程中材料和元素的流量与存量，对多个运行中工厂的数据进行了处理。借助Impact 2002+方法评估了两个垃圾能源化装置运行相关的潜在生命周期环境影响。结果表明，两种技术都具有可持续的环境绩效，但对于大多数选定的影响类别而言，活动炉排燃烧装置的绩效更好。对每种特定技术各个阶段贡献的分析表明，应将技术解决方案和管理标准的改进重点放在何处，以实现进一步显著的环境改善。
