Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
J Dent Res. 2015 Jul;94(7):921-7. doi: 10.1177/0022034515583531. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Subgingival microorganisms are potentially associated with periodontal diseases. However, changes in the subgingival microbiota during the progress of periodontal diseases are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed bacterial communities in the subgingival paper point samples from 32 Korean individuals with no sign of disease, gingivitis, or periodontitis using 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing. A total of 256,113 reads representing 26 phyla, 433 genera, and 1,016 species were detected. Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes, and Spirochaetes were the abundant phyla in periodontitis subjects, whereas Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the dominant phyla in the gingivitis and healthy subjects, respectively. Although high levels of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Fretibacterium, Rothia, Filifactor, and Treponema genera were observed in the periodontitis subjects, Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Haemophilus genera were found at high frequency in the gingivitis subjects. Species including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum were significantly increased in periodontitis subjects. On the other hand, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Leptotrichia hongkongensis were preferentially observed in the gingivitis subjects. Intriguingly, the halophile Halomonas hamiltonii was revealed as a predominant species in the healthy subjects. Based on Fast UniFrac analysis, distinctive bacterial clusters were classified for the healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis state. The current findings might be useful for understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases.
龈下微生物可能与牙周病有关。然而，牙周病进展过程中龈下微生物群的变化还不太清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing 分析了 32 名韩国个体龈下纸尖样本中的细菌群落，这些个体没有疾病、牙龈炎或牙周炎的迹象。共检测到代表 26 个门、433 个属和 1016 个种的 256113 条reads。厚壁菌门、梭杆菌门、互养菌门和螺旋体门是牙周病患者中丰富的门，而Firmicutes 和 Proteobacteria 分别是牙龈炎和健康受试者中的主要门。虽然牙周病患者中观察到高水平的卟啉单胞菌属、梭杆菌属、Fretibacterium 属、罗氏菌属、Filifactor 属和密螺旋体属，但牙龈炎患者中发现链球菌属、卡他莫拉菌属、勒克氏菌属和嗜血菌属的频率较高。包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌、核梭杆菌和Fretibacterium fastidiosum 在内的物种在牙周病患者中显著增加。另一方面，肺炎链球菌、副流感嗜血菌和香港勒克氏菌在牙龈炎患者中优先观察到。有趣的是，嗜盐菌 Hamiltonia hamiltonii 被揭示为健康受试者中的主要物种。基于 Fast UniFrac 分析，将健康、牙龈炎和牙周病状态分类为独特的细菌簇。这些发现可能有助于理解牙周病的发病机制、诊断和治疗。
