The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, UK
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2015 Jun;114(1):147-55. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldv014. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Most people will experience a traumatic event during their lives. However, not all will develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There have been recent changes in diagnostic criteria for PTSD and there are a number of treatment options available.
This review is based on published literature in the field of PTSD, its management and the recently published DSM-V.
The most influential risk factors relate to the post-incident environment rather than pre-incident or the incident itself. There are two established and effective psychological therapies; trauma-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
It is unclear what actually constitutes a traumatic event. Psychological debriefing or counselling interventions, shortly after trauma-exposure are found to be ineffective and may cause harm. Medication, whilst common practice, is not recommended as first line management.
Future psychotherapies for PTSD may be just as effective if delivered in carefully considered group settings or through remote means.
Research into the most effective ways to prevent individuals at risk of developing PTSD is still at an early stage and development of effective early interventions could substantially reduce the morbidity associated with PTSD.
大多数人在一生中都会经历创伤性事件。然而，并非所有人都会患上创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。PTSD 的诊断标准最近有所改变，并且有许多治疗选择。
这篇综述基于 PTSD 领域的已发表文献、其管理以及最近发布的 DSM-V。
最具影响力的风险因素与事件后环境有关，而不是与事件前或事件本身有关。有两种已确立且有效的心理治疗方法；创伤聚焦认知行为疗法和眼动脱敏再处理。
实际上什么构成创伤性事件还不清楚。创伤暴露后不久进行的心理疏导或咨询干预被发现是无效的，并且可能会造成伤害。药物治疗虽然是常见的做法，但不建议作为一线治疗。
如果在精心考虑的小组环境中或通过远程方式提供，未来的 PTSD 心理疗法可能同样有效。
预防有患 PTSD 风险的个体的最有效方法的研究仍处于早期阶段，开发有效的早期干预措施可以大大降低 PTSD 相关的发病率。
