Dunlap Kathrin A, Brown Jacob D, Keith Ashley B, Satterfield M Carey
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843 USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2015 Apr 11;6(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40104-015-0012-5. eCollection 2015.
Inadequate delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in livestock. In ruminants, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is often prevalent due to frequent utilization of exensive forage based grazing systems, making them highly susceptible to changes in nutrient quality and availability. Delivery of nutrients to the fetus is dependent on a number of critical factors including placental growth and development, utero-placental blood flow, nutrient availability, and placental metabolism and transport capacity. Previous findings from our laboratory and others, highlight essential roles for amino acids and their metabolites in supporting normal fetal growth and development, as well as the critical role for amino acid transporters in nutrient delivery to the fetus. The focus of this review will be on the role of maternal nutrition on placental form and function as a regulator of fetal development in ruminants.
营养物质供应不足会导致子宫内生长受限（IUGR），这是家畜新生儿发病和死亡的主要原因。在反刍动物中，由于频繁使用基于优质牧草的放牧系统，孕期营养不足的情况往往很普遍，这使得它们极易受到营养质量和可利用性变化的影响。营养物质向胎儿的输送取决于许多关键因素，包括胎盘的生长和发育、子宫-胎盘血流量、营养物质的可利用性以及胎盘的代谢和转运能力。我们实验室和其他机构之前的研究结果强调了氨基酸及其代谢产物在支持胎儿正常生长发育中的重要作用，以及氨基酸转运体在营养物质向胎儿输送中的关键作用。本综述的重点将是母体营养对反刍动物胎盘形态和功能的作用，胎盘形态和功能是胎儿发育的调节因素。
