Hillmann Falk, Shekhova Elena, Kniemeyer Olaf
Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745, Jena, Germany.
Curr Genet. 2015 Aug;61(3):441-55. doi: 10.1007/s00294-015-0487-9. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
Most eukaryotes require molecular oxygen for growth. In general, oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor of the respiratory chain and represents an important substrate for the biosynthesis of cellular compounds. However, in their natural environment, such as soil, and also during the infection, filamentous fungi are confronted with low levels of atmospheric oxygen. Transcriptome and proteome studies on the hypoxic response of filamentous fungi revealed significant alteration of the gene expression and protein synthesis upon hypoxia. These analyses discovered not only common but also species-specific responses to hypoxia with regard to NAD(+) regeneration systems and other metabolic pathways. A surprising outcome was that the induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress defenses during oxygen limitation represents a general trait of adaptation to hypoxia in many fungi. The interplay of these different stress responses is poorly understood, but recent studies have shown that adaptation to hypoxia contributes to virulence of pathogenic fungi. In this review, results on metabolic changes of filamentous fungi during adaptation to hypoxia are summarized and discussed.
大多数真核生物生长需要分子氧。一般来说，氧气是呼吸链的终端电子受体，也是细胞化合物生物合成的重要底物。然而，在其自然环境如土壤中，以及在感染过程中，丝状真菌会面临低水平的大气氧。对丝状真菌缺氧反应的转录组和蛋白质组研究表明，缺氧时基因表达和蛋白质合成会发生显著变化。这些分析不仅发现了在NAD(+)再生系统和其他代谢途径方面对缺氧的共同反应，也发现了物种特异性反应。一个令人惊讶的结果是，在氧气限制期间诱导氧化和亚硝化应激防御是许多真菌适应缺氧的一个普遍特征。这些不同应激反应之间的相互作用了解甚少，但最近的研究表明，适应缺氧有助于致病真菌的毒力。在这篇综述中，总结并讨论了丝状真菌在适应缺氧过程中的代谢变化结果。
