Tian He, Wang Weiyu, Zheng Nan, Cheng Jianbo, Li Songli, Zhang Yangdong, Wang Jiaqi
Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
J Proteomics. 2015 Jul 1;125:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.014. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Controlling heat stress (HS) is a global challenge for the dairy industry. However, simple and reliable biomarkers that aid the diagnoses of HS-induced metabolic disorders have not yet been identified. In this work, an integrated metabolomic and lipidomic approach using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and ultra-fast LC-MS was employed to investigate the discrimination of plasma metabolic profiles between HS-free and HS lactating dairy cows. Targeted detection using LC-MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to verify the reliability of the metabolites as biomarker candidates. Overall, 41 metabolites were identified as candidates for lactating dairy cows exposed to HS, among which 13 metabolites, including trimethylamine, glucose, lactate, betaine, creatine, pyruvate, acetoacetate, acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate, C16 sphinganine, lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0), phosphatidylcholine (16:0/14:0), and arachidonic acid, had high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing HS status, and are likely to be the potential biomarkers of HS dairy cows. All of these potentially diagnostic biomarkers were involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, or gut microbiome-derived metabolism, indicating that HS affected the metabolic pathways in lactating dairy cows. Further research is warranted to evaluate these biomarkers in practical applications and to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of HS-induced metabolic disorders.
Heat stress (HS) annually causes huge losses to global dairy industry, including animal performance decrease, metabolic disorder and health problem. So far, physiological mechanisms underlying HS of dairy cows still remain elusive. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to elucidate the HS-induced metabolic disorders of dairy cows using integrated (1)H NMR and LC-MS-based metabolic study. The results not only provided potential diagnostic biomarkers for HS lactating dairy cows, but also significantly explored the related physiological mechanisms of metabolic pathway shifts induced by HS environment. This work offers comprehensive insights into the global metabolic alterations of dairy cows exposed to HS and provides a new perspective for further study.
控制热应激（HS）是乳制品行业面临的全球性挑战。然而，尚未发现有助于诊断热应激引起的代谢紊乱的简单可靠生物标志物。在这项研究中，采用了一种综合代谢组学和脂质组学方法，利用氢核磁共振（¹H NMR）和超快速液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC - MS）来研究无热应激和热应激泌乳奶牛血浆代谢谱的差异。使用多反应监测模式下的LC - MS进行靶向检测，以验证代谢物作为生物标志物候选物的可靠性。总体而言，共鉴定出41种代谢物作为热应激泌乳奶牛的候选物，其中13种代谢物，包括三甲胺、葡萄糖、乳酸、甜菜碱、肌酸、丙酮酸、乙酰乙酸、丙酮、β - 羟基丁酸、C16鞘氨醇、溶血磷脂酰胆碱（18:0）、磷脂酰胆碱（16:0/14:0）和花生四烯酸，在诊断热应激状态时具有高灵敏度和特异性，很可能是热应激奶牛的潜在生物标志物。所有这些潜在的诊断生物标志物都参与了碳水化合物、氨基酸、脂质或肠道微生物衍生的代谢，表明热应激影响了泌乳奶牛的代谢途径。有必要进一步研究以评估这些生物标志物在实际应用中的价值，并阐明热应激引起的代谢紊乱的生理机制。
热应激每年给全球乳制品行业造成巨大损失，包括动物生产性能下降、代谢紊乱和健康问题。迄今为止，奶牛热应激的生理机制仍不清楚。据我们所知，这是首次尝试利用基于¹H NMR和LC - MS的综合代谢研究来阐明奶牛热应激引起的代谢紊乱。研究结果不仅为热应激泌乳奶牛提供了潜在的诊断生物标志物，还显著探索了热应激环境引起的代谢途径变化的相关生理机制。这项工作为热应激奶牛的整体代谢改变提供了全面的见解，并为进一步研究提供了新的视角。
