Navarro M, Coba A, Muller M, Roura E, Cozzolino D
Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Centre for Animal Science, QAAFI, The Univeristy of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Int J Biometeorol. 2025 Jan;69(1):51-62. doi: 10.1007/s00484-024-02792-5. Epub 2024 Oct 26.
Heat stress in hyper-prolific lactating sows is recognised as a factor reducing feed intake, milk production, and welfare, with significant losses in farm productivity. Individual capacities for body thermoregulation during environmental hyperthermia determine the adaptation of the animal during long and recurrent events. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a high-throughput method to identify markers of stress in plasma and milk collected from lactating sows under heat stress conditions fed with two levels of protein in the diet defined as low (16%) and standard (20%). The MIR spectra were analysed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis and validated using cross-validation. The results obtained indicated that MIR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometrics, was able to identify changes in the spectra associated with heat stress in wavenumbers corresponding with amide groups (proteins) (highest loadings observed in the regions between1065 and 1635 cm), lipids and unsaturated fatty acids (regions between 1746 and 3063 cm), lipo-polysaccharides (in 1247 cm) and carbohydrates (around the region1050 cm). These results also indicated that the information provided by these wavenumbers can be used as metabolic markers of the adaptation of the sows to hyperthermia. It was concluded that MIR spectroscopy is a rapid and inexpensive tool capable of detecting and evaluating the main biochemical changes of hyperthermia on lactating sows, facilitating the development of palliative management strategies such as dietary manipulations.
高产哺乳母猪的热应激被认为是一个会降低采食量、产奶量和福利水平的因素，会导致农场生产力显著下降。在环境高温期间，动物个体的体温调节能力决定了其在长期反复高温情况下的适应能力。本研究旨在评估衰减全反射（ATR）中红外（MIR）光谱法作为一种高通量方法，用于识别在热应激条件下、饲喂两种不同蛋白质水平（低蛋白16%和标准蛋白20%）日粮的哺乳母猪血浆和乳汁中的应激标志物。使用线性判别分析（LDA）和主成分分析对MIR光谱进行分析，并通过交叉验证进行验证。所得结果表明，MIR光谱结合化学计量学，能够识别与热应激相关的光谱变化，这些变化出现在与酰胺基团（蛋白质）（在1065至1635厘米之间区域观察到最高载荷）、脂质和不饱和脂肪酸（1746至3063厘米之间区域）、脂多糖（1247厘米处）以及碳水化合物（1050厘米左右区域）相对应的波数处。这些结果还表明，这些波数所提供的信息可作为母猪对高温适应的代谢标志物。研究得出结论，MIR光谱是一种快速且廉价的工具，能够检测和评估高温对哺乳母猪的主要生化变化，有助于制定如日粮调控等缓解管理策略。
