Rosemberg Marie-Anne S, McCullagh Marjorie C, Nordstrom Megan
Division of Health Systems and Effectiveness Science, University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Noise Health. 2015 May-Jun;17(76):134-40. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.155836.
This study explored the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of rural and farm adolescents regarding hearing conservation strategies. This qualitative study took place at two high schools in rural Michigan. Twenty-five adolescents living and working on farms or living in rural areas participated in one of two focus groups. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by two researchers and checked by an additional researcher to ensure reliability. Noise exposure was ubiquitous among participants, both in farm-related (e.g., equipment, livestock) and non-farm-related (e.g., music, firearms) activities. Perceived barriers to use of hearing protection devices outweighed perceived benefits, resulting in uncommon use of protection. When hearing protection was used, it was usually earmuffs or earplugs. Participants indicated a lack of training in noise hazards and protective strategies. Despite their acknowledged risk of hearing loss, participants did not associate their use of hearing protection today with their hearing ability later in life. Categories emerging that relate to hearing protector use included: Barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, situational influences, impersonal influences, cues to action, susceptibility, and severity. Farm and rural adolescents are at risk for noise exposure and hearing loss. The findings stress the significance of work environment and adult modeling in facilitating hearing conservation behaviors. As indicated by the youths' recommendations, school-based interventions may be an effective approach to address this health concern. Intervention studies are needed to test various approaches that can effectively promote use of hearing conservation strategies among rural and farm adolescents.
本研究探讨了农村和农场青少年对听力保护策略的态度、信念和行为。这项定性研究在密歇根州农村的两所高中进行。25名在农场生活和工作或居住在农村地区的青少年参加了两个焦点小组中的一个。访谈进行了录音并逐字转录。两位研究人员对转录本进行编码和分析，并由另一位研究人员进行检查以确保可靠性。在参与者中，无论是与农场相关的活动（如设备、牲畜）还是与非农场相关的活动（如音乐、枪支），噪声暴露都很普遍。使用听力保护装置的感知障碍超过了感知益处，导致保护装置使用不常见。当使用听力保护时，通常是耳罩或耳塞。参与者表示缺乏关于噪声危害和保护策略的培训。尽管他们承认有听力损失的风险，但参与者并未将他们如今使用听力保护与日后的听力能力联系起来。出现的与听力保护器使用相关的类别包括：障碍、益处、自我效能感、情境影响、非个人影响、行动线索、易感性和严重性。农村和农场青少年面临噪声暴露和听力损失的风险。研究结果强调了工作环境和成人示范在促进听力保护行为方面的重要性。正如青少年的建议所示，基于学校的干预措施可能是解决这一健康问题的有效方法。需要进行干预研究来测试各种能够有效促进农村和农场青少年使用听力保护策略的方法。
