Bonugli-Santos Rafaella C, Dos Santos Vasconcelos Maria R, Passarini Michel R Z, Vieira Gabriela A L, Lopes Viviane C P, Mainardi Pedro H, Dos Santos Juliana A, de Azevedo Duarte Lidia, Otero Igor V R, da Silva Yoshida Aline M, Feitosa Valker A, Pessoa Adalberto, Sette Lara D
Instituto Latino Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Paraná, Brazil.
Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Paulínia, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2015 Apr 10;6:269. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00269. eCollection 2015.
The ocean is considered to be a great reservoir of biodiversity. Microbial communities in marine environments are ecologically relevant as intermediaries of energy, and play an important role in nutrient regeneration cycles as decomposers of dead and decaying organic matter. In this sense, marine-derived fungi can be considered as a source of enzymes of industrial and/or environmental interest. Fungal strains isolated from different substrates, such as invertebrates, decaying wood, seawater, sediments, and mangrove detritus, have been reported to be producers of hydrolytic and/or oxidative enzymes, with alginate lyase, amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, inulinase, keratinase, ligninase, lipase, nuclease, phytase, protease, and xylanase being among the enzymes produced by fungi of marine origin. These enzymes present temperature and pH optima ranging from 35 to 70(∘)C, and 3.0 to 11.0, respectively. High-level production in bioreactors is mainly performed using submerged-state fermentation. Certain marine-derived fungal strains present enzymes with alkaline and cold-activity characteristics, and salinity is considered an important condition in screening and production processes. The adaptability of marine-derived fungi to oceanic conditions can be considered an attractive point in the field of fungal marine biotechnology. In this review, we focus on the advances in discovering enzymes from marine-derived fungi and their biotechnological relevance.
海洋被认为是生物多样性的巨大储存库。海洋环境中的微生物群落作为能量的中介在生态上具有重要意义，并作为死亡和腐烂有机物的分解者在营养物质再生循环中发挥重要作用。从这个意义上说，海洋来源的真菌可被视为具有工业和/或环境意义的酶的来源。据报道，从不同底物（如无脊椎动物、腐朽木材、海水、沉积物和红树林碎屑）中分离出的真菌菌株是水解酶和/或氧化酶的生产者，海藻酸裂解酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶、葡萄糖苷酶、菊粉酶、角蛋白酶、木质素酶、脂肪酶、核酸酶、植酸酶、蛋白酶和木聚糖酶是海洋来源真菌产生的酶。这些酶的最适温度和pH分别为35至70摄氏度和3.0至11.0。在生物反应器中的高水平生产主要采用深层发酵进行。某些海洋来源的真菌菌株具有碱性和冷活性特征的酶，盐度被认为是筛选和生产过程中的一个重要条件。海洋来源真菌对海洋条件的适应性可被视为真菌海洋生物技术领域的一个有吸引力的点。在这篇综述中，我们关注从海洋来源真菌中发现酶的进展及其生物技术相关性。
