Rangel-Vega Adrián, Bernstein Lawrence R, Mandujano-Tinoco Edna Ayerim, García-Contreras Silvia Julieta, García-Contreras Rodolfo
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico.
Terrametrix, CA USA.
Front Microbiol. 2015 Apr 9;6:282. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00282. eCollection 2015.
Bacterial infection remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the options for treating such infections are decreasing, due the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has produced few new types of antibiotics in more than a decade. Researchers are taking several approaches toward developing new classes of antibiotics, including (1) focusing on new targets and processes, such as bacterial cell-cell communication that upregulates virulence; (2) designing inhibitors of bacterial resistance, such as blockers of multidrug efflux pumps; and (3) using alternative antimicrobials such as bacteriophages. In addition, the strategy of finding new uses for existing drugs is beginning to produce results: antibacterial properties have been discovered for existing anticancer, antifungal, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review, we discuss the antimicrobial properties of gallium compounds, 5-fluorouracil, ciclopirox, diflunisal, and some other FDA-approved drugs and argue that their repurposing for the treatment of bacterial infections, including those that are multidrug resistant, is a feasible strategy.
细菌感染仍然是全球主要死因之一，由于抗生素耐药菌的增加，治疗此类感染的选择正在减少。制药行业在十多年里几乎没有生产出新型抗生素。研究人员正在采取多种方法来开发新型抗生素，包括：（1）关注新的靶点和过程，如上调毒力的细菌细胞间通讯；（2）设计细菌耐药性抑制剂，如多药外排泵阻滞剂；（3）使用替代抗菌剂，如噬菌体。此外，为现有药物寻找新用途的策略开始产生成果：已发现现有抗癌、抗真菌、驱虫和抗炎药物具有抗菌特性。在本综述中，我们讨论了镓化合物、5-氟尿嘧啶、环吡酮、双氟尼柳和其他一些美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的药物的抗菌特性，并认为将它们重新用于治疗细菌感染，包括多重耐药感染，是一种可行的策略。
