Fang You-Xin, He Meng, Lin Jun-Yi, Ma Kai-Jun, Zhao Hai, Hong Zhen, Li Bei-Xu
Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 27;10(4):e0121050. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121050. eCollection 2015.
Psychiatric disorders exhibited in 13% suicidal drownings in Southwestern Croatia and 63% in Milan, but in China is unknown. This study is committed to outline the feature of a suicidal drowning with psychiatric disorder, show mental status and reveal key factor to high incidence in China. Immersed corpses were handled by SPSBMPH in its jurisdiction range. Half of immersed corpses were suicidal, and nearly half of suicides had psychiatric disorders. 104 suicidal drownings with psychiatric disorders cases from 2010.1 to 2014.6 were reviewed (21.5% of all immersed corpses, 42.1% of suicides). Most victims clothed normally, and only 2 fastened attached weights. Male victims were more and younger than female. Psycho were prone to commit suicidal drowning in warm and hot season. Psycho were prone to choose familiar area to commit suicide, 45 decedents were found in their familiar areas. Suicidal drowings were occult without suicide attempts, suicide note or abnormal clothing, but showed abnormal mental or behavior changes prior to suicide. The three leading psychiatric disorders were depression (33.7%), depression status (30.8%) and schizophrenia (20.2%). Only 44.2% decedents had visited psychiatric disorder specialist, and merely less than 10% patients could adhere to regular medication. No regular medication on psychiatric disorder was the key factor contributing to high incidence of suicide in psycho. Professional psychiatric and psychological intervention should be taken as soon as possible when they had psychiatric symptoms or suffered misfortune. Guardians should be alert to patients' abnormality to detect their suicidal ideation and intervene, especially in warm season.
在克罗地亚西南部，13%的溺水自杀案例存在精神障碍，在米兰这一比例为63%，但在中国该情况未知。本研究旨在概述伴有精神障碍的溺水自杀特征，展示精神状态并揭示中国高发病率的关键因素。辖区内的溺水尸体由[具体机构名称，原文未明确写出]处理。一半的溺水尸体为自杀，且近一半的自杀者患有精神障碍。回顾了2010年1月至2014年6月期间104例伴有精神障碍的溺水自杀案例（占所有溺水尸体的21.5%，自杀案例的42.1%）。大多数受害者穿着正常，仅有2人系有附加重物。男性受害者多于女性且更年轻。患有精神障碍者倾向于在温暖和炎热季节实施溺水自杀。他们倾向于选择熟悉的区域自杀，45名死者是在其熟悉的区域被发现的。溺水自杀行为隐秘，没有自杀未遂、遗书或异常着装，但在自杀前表现出精神或行为异常。三种主要的精神障碍为抑郁症（33.7%）、抑郁状态（30.8%）和精神分裂症（20.2%）。仅有44.2%的死者曾看过精神障碍专科医生，且仅有不到10%的患者能坚持规律服药。未进行精神障碍的规律服药是导致患有精神障碍者自杀高发病率的关键因素。当他们出现精神症状或遭遇不幸时，应尽快采取专业的精神和心理干预。监护人应警惕患者的异常情况，以察觉其自杀念头并进行干预，尤其是在温暖季节。
