Ghodsi Z, Hojjatoleslami S
J Prev Med Hyg. 2014 Jun;55(2):46-9.
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death among women. Secondary prevention may enable early detection, but this is suboptimal among all Iranian women.
This was a descriptive, analytic cross sectional study on 385 women 35 years old or more with no history of BC. Participants were selected by simple randomized method and were assessed through a two-part self-administered questionnaire and a self-examination checklist with content validity and test-re-test reliability.
14.8% of women carried out breast self examination (BSE). Among them 5.7% was done in adequate timing and 9.4% performed it on a regular basis. The average age of BSE onset was 20.1 ± 7.6 and mean of Score was 6.25 ± 2.26 (2-11). 2.3% of participants performed BSE poorly, 7.5% fairly and 1.6% performed it well. 25.84% of samples had a history of mammography that 13% of whom received it as a result of prescription. The average age for mammography was 36 ± 7.2 (20-50) years and the frequency of mammography was 1.8 ± 1.4 (1-8) of times. Due to the low percentage of breast cancer preventive behaviors, in this study knowledge towards breast cancer was also measured because they are factors that are crucial in performance.
The results highlight the need to educate Iranian women to recognize the risk factors to promote early detection of breast cancer. Creation of health behavioral by focused educational programs might cause decrease of breast cancer prevalence.
乳腺癌是女性主要死因之一。二级预防可实现早期发现，但在所有伊朗女性中效果欠佳。
这是一项描述性、分析性横断面研究，对象为385名35岁及以上且无乳腺癌病史的女性。参与者通过简单随机方法选取，通过一份两部分的自填问卷和一份具有内容效度及重测信度的自我检查清单进行评估。
14.8%的女性进行过乳房自我检查（BSE）。其中，5.7%在适当时间进行，9.4%定期进行。BSE开始的平均年龄为20.1±7.6岁，得分均值为6.25±2.26（2 - 11分）。2.3%的参与者BSE操作不佳，7.5%尚可，1.6%操作良好。25.84%的样本有乳腺X线摄影史，其中13%是因医嘱接受检查。乳腺X线摄影的平均年龄为36±7.2（20 - 50）岁，摄影频率为1.8±1.4（1 - 8）次。由于乳腺癌预防行为的比例较低，本研究还对乳腺癌相关知识进行了测量，因为这些知识是行为表现的关键因素。
结果凸显了对伊朗女性进行教育以使其认识风险因素从而促进乳腺癌早期发现的必要性。通过针对性教育项目建立健康行为可能会降低乳腺癌患病率。
