Yang Yi, Rosenberg Gary A
Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Brain Res. 2015 Oct 14;1623:30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important in injury and recovery in ischemic injury. They are proteolytic enzymes that degrade all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are secreted in a latent form, protecting the cell from damage, but once activated induce injury prior to rapid inactivation by four tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Normally the constitutive enzymes, MMP-2 and membrane type MMP (MMP-14), are activated in a spatially specific manner and act close to the site of activation, while the inducible enzymes, MMP-3 and MMP-9, become active through the action of free radicals and other enzymes during neuroinflammation. Because of the complex nature of the interactions with tissues during development, injury and repair, the MMPs have multiple roles, participating in the injury process in the early stages and contributing to recovery during the later stages. This dual role complicates the planning of treatment strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）在缺血性损伤的损伤和恢复过程中起着重要作用。它们是能够降解细胞外基质（ECM）所有成分的蛋白水解酶。它们以无活性形式分泌，保护细胞免受损伤，但一旦被激活，在被四种金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMPs）快速失活之前就会引发损伤。正常情况下，组成型酶MMP-2和膜型MMP（MMP-14）以空间特异性方式被激活，并在激活位点附近起作用，而诱导型酶MMP-3和MMP-9在神经炎症期间通过自由基和其他酶的作用而变得活跃。由于在发育、损伤和修复过程中与组织相互作用的复杂性，MMPs具有多种作用，在早期参与损伤过程，在后期有助于恢复。这种双重作用使治疗策略的规划变得复杂。本文是名为“中风中的细胞相互作用”特刊的一部分。
