Shields Cassandra, Ownsworth Tamara, O'Donovan Analise, Fleming Jennifer
a School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute , Griffith University , Mt Gravatt , Australia.
b School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2016;26(3):410-45. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1037772. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Emotional distress after traumatic brain injury (TBI) often presents as a range of neurobehavioural and emotional reactions rather than distinct disorders. This study adopted a transdiagnostic approach with the aim of identifying psychological processes common to depression, anxiety and global distress after TBI. Fifty participants with TBI (aged 19-66 years, 12-65 months post-injury) completed measures of threat appraisals and avoidance behaviour (Appraisal of Threat and Avoidance Questionnaire), self-discrepancy (Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale III), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), negative self-focused attention (Self-Focus Sentence Completion) and emotional distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and Brief Symptom Inventory). Significant correlations were found among the proposed transdiagnostic variables (rs = .29-.82, p < .05). A principal components analysis revealed two underlying factors: (1) Threats to Self, and (2) Emotion Dysregulation. Only the Emotion Dysregulation factor accounted for significant unique variance in levels of depression, anxiety and global distress (sr(2) = .12-.17). Such findings indicate the need for interventions to target difficulties in identifying and regulating emotions after TBI to facilitate emotional adjustment.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后的情绪困扰通常表现为一系列神经行为和情绪反应，而非明显的病症。本研究采用了一种跨诊断方法，旨在识别TBI后抑郁、焦虑和整体困扰共有的心理过程。50名TBI患者（年龄在19 - 66岁之间，受伤后12 - 65个月）完成了威胁评估和回避行为（威胁与回避问卷）、自我差异（脑损伤语义差异量表III）、情绪失调（情绪调节困难量表）、担忧（宾夕法尼亚州立大学担忧问卷）、消极自我关注（自我关注句子完成）以及情绪困扰（抑郁焦虑压力量表和简明症状量表）的测量。在所提出的跨诊断变量之间发现了显著相关性（rs = .29 - .82，p < .05）。主成分分析揭示了两个潜在因素：（1）自我威胁，以及（2）情绪失调。只有情绪失调因素在抑郁、焦虑和整体困扰水平中占显著独特方差（sr(2) = .12 - .17）。这些发现表明需要进行干预，以解决TBI后在识别和调节情绪方面的困难，促进情绪调整。
