Li Mingcai, Shi Jun, Guo Jun, Cao Jingfu, Niu Jide, Xiong Mingming
Tianjin Climate Center, Tianjin, 300074, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 29;10(4):e0124413. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124413. eCollection 2015.
Exploring changes of building energy consumption and its relationships with climate can provide basis for energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. Heating and cooling energy consumption of different types of buildings during 1981-2010 in Tianjin city, was simulated by using TRNSYS software. Daily or hourly extreme energy consumption was determined by percentile methods, and the climate impact on extreme energy consumption was analyzed. The results showed that days of extreme heating consumption showed apparent decrease during the recent 30 years for residential and large venue buildings, whereas days of extreme cooling consumption increased in large venue building. No significant variations were found for the days of extreme energy consumption for commercial building, although a decreasing trend in extreme heating energy consumption. Daily extreme energy consumption for large venue building had no relationship with climate parameters, whereas extreme energy consumption for commercial and residential buildings was related to various climate parameters. Further multiple regression analysis suggested heating energy consumption for commercial building was affected by maximum temperature, dry bulb temperature, solar radiation and minimum temperature, which together can explain 71.5 % of the variation of the daily extreme heating energy consumption. The daily extreme cooling energy consumption for commercial building was only related to the wet bulb temperature (R2= 0.382). The daily extreme heating energy consumption for residential building was affected by 4 climate parameters, but the dry bulb temperature had the main impact. The impacts of climate on hourly extreme heating energy consumption has a 1-3 hour delay in all three types of buildings, but no delay was found in the impacts of climate on hourly extreme cooling energy consumption for the selected buildings.
探索建筑能耗变化及其与气候的关系可为节能和碳排放减少提供依据。利用TRNSYS软件模拟了天津市1981 - 2010年不同类型建筑的供暖和制冷能耗。通过百分位数法确定每日或每小时的极端能耗，并分析气候对极端能耗的影响。结果表明，近30年来，住宅和大型场馆建筑的极端供暖天数明显减少，而大型场馆建筑的极端制冷天数增加。商业建筑的极端能耗天数虽无显著变化，但极端供暖能耗呈下降趋势。大型场馆建筑的每日极端能耗与气候参数无关，而商业和住宅建筑的极端能耗与各种气候参数有关。进一步的多元回归分析表明，商业建筑的供暖能耗受最高温度、干球温度、太阳辐射和最低温度的影响，这些因素共同可解释每日极端供暖能耗变化的71.5%。商业建筑的每日极端制冷能耗仅与湿球温度有关（R2 = 0.382）。住宅建筑的每日极端供暖能耗受4个气候参数影响，但干球温度起主要作用。在所有三种类型的建筑中，气候对每小时极端供暖能耗的影响有1 - 3小时的延迟，但在所选建筑中，气候对每小时极端制冷能耗的影响没有延迟。
