Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2015;66:513-45. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114623.
Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted fungal effector molecules. These effectors suppress plant defense responses and modulate plant physiology to accommodate fungal invaders and provide them with nutrients. Fungal effectors either function in the interaction zone between the fungal hyphae and host or are transferred to plant cells. This review describes the effector repertoires of 84 plant-colonizing fungi. We focus on the mechanisms that allow these fungal effectors to promote virulence or compatibility, discuss common plant nodes that are targeted by effectors, and provide recent insights into effector evolution. In addition, we address the issue of effector uptake in plant cells and highlight open questions and future challenges.
植物可以被真菌定殖，这些真菌具有高度多样化的生活方式，从共生到坏死。在所有系统中，定殖都受到数百种分泌真菌效应分子的控制。这些效应物抑制植物的防御反应，并调节植物的生理机能，以适应真菌的入侵，并为它们提供营养。真菌效应物要么在真菌菌丝和宿主之间的相互作用区域发挥作用，要么被转移到植物细胞中。这篇综述描述了 84 种植物定殖真菌的效应物库。我们专注于允许这些真菌效应物促进毒力或相容性的机制，讨论效应物靶向的常见植物节点，并提供效应物进化的最新见解。此外，我们还讨论了效应物在植物细胞中的摄取问题，并强调了悬而未决的问题和未来的挑战。
