Mohiley A, Franzaring J, Calvo O C, Fangmeier A
Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep;22(17):13094-101. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4358-1. Epub 2015 May 1.
One of the major problems of airport operation is the impact of pollution caused by runoff waters. Runoff waters at an airport may contain high concentrations of different contaminants resulting from various activities of its operation. High quantities of aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids are used annually at airports worldwide. Aircraft de-icers and anti-icers may have negative environmental impacts, but their effects on aquatic organisms are virtually unknown. In order to address this issue, aircraft de-icers, pavement de-icers and wastewater samples were obtained from a regional airport. To evaluate the toxicity of wastewater samples and aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids (ADAFs), two bio-tests were performed: the Lemna growth inhibition test according to OECD guideline 221 and the luminescent bacteria test according to ISO guideline 11348-2. In the Lemna growth inhibition test, phytotoxicity was assessed using the endpoints frond number and frond area. The luminescent bacteria test involved the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The estimates of effective concentrations (EC50) values were determined using the free software R and the "drc" library. Aquatic plants and marine bacteria showed a higher sensitivity towards ADAFs than to wastewater samples. Experiments showed that aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids and wastewater samples were relatively more toxic towards Lemna gibba L. in comparison to V. fischeri.
机场运营的主要问题之一是径流污水造成的污染影响。机场的径流污水可能含有因机场运营的各种活动而产生的高浓度不同污染物。全球机场每年都要使用大量的飞机除冰/防冰液。飞机除冰剂和防冰剂可能会对环境产生负面影响，但它们对水生生物的影响实际上却无人知晓。为了解决这个问题，从一个地区机场采集了飞机除冰剂、路面除冰剂和废水样本。为了评估废水样本和飞机除冰/防冰液（ADAFs）的毒性，进行了两项生物测试：一项是按照经合组织（OECD）第221号指南进行的浮萍生长抑制试验，另一项是按照国际标准化组织（ISO）第11348 - 2号指南进行的发光细菌试验。在浮萍生长抑制试验中，使用叶状体数量和叶状体面积这两个终点指标来评估植物毒性。发光细菌试验使用的是海洋细菌费氏弧菌。有效浓度（EC50）值的估算使用免费软件R和“drc”库来确定。水生植物和海洋细菌对飞机除冰/防冰液的敏感性高于对废水样本的敏感性。实验表明，与费氏弧菌相比，飞机除冰/防冰液和废水样本对槐叶萍的毒性相对更大。
