Hutchison R Matthew, Morton J Bruce
Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and.
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
J Neurosci. 2015 Apr 29;35(17):6849-59. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4638-14.2015.
The transition from childhood to adulthood is marked by pronounced functional and structural brain transformations that impact cognition and behavior. Here, we use a functional imaging approach to reveal dynamic changes in coupling strength between networks and the expression of discrete brain configurations over human development during rest and a cognitive control task. Although the brain's repertoire of functional states was generally preserved across ages, state-specific temporal features, such as the frequency of expression and the amount of time spent in select states, varied by age in ways that were dependent on condition. Increasing age was associated with greater variability of connection strengths across time at rest, while there was a selective inversion of this effect in higher-order networks during implementation of cognitive control. The results suggest that development is characterized by the modification of dynamic coupling to both maximize and constrain functional variability in response to ongoing cognitive and behavioral requirements.
从童年到成年的转变以大脑明显的功能和结构变化为标志，这些变化会影响认知和行为。在此，我们使用功能成像方法来揭示在静息状态和认知控制任务期间，人类发育过程中网络之间耦合强度的动态变化以及离散脑结构的表达。尽管大脑的功能状态库在各年龄段总体上得以保留，但特定状态的时间特征，如表达频率和在特定状态下所花费的时间，会因年龄而异，且这种差异取决于具体条件。年龄增长与静息状态下连接强度随时间的更大变异性相关，而在认知控制实施过程中，高阶网络中这种效应出现了选择性反转。结果表明，发育的特征在于动态耦合的改变，以响应持续的认知和行为需求，从而使功能变异性最大化并受到约束。
