Opdebeeck Carol, Martyr Anthony, Clare Linda
a Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, School of Psychology , Bangor University , Bangor , UK.
b Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, School of Psychology , University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QG , UK.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2016;23(1):40-60. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1041450. Epub 2015 May 1.
The associations between proxy measures of cognitive reserve (CR) and cognition vary across studies and cognitive domains. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between CR and cognition in multiple domains (memory, executive function, visuospatial ability, and language). CR was considered in terms of three key proxy measures - educational level, occupational status, and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities - individually and in combination. One-hundred and thirty-five studies representing 128,328 participants were included. Of these, 109 used a measure of education, 19 used a measure of occupation, 31 used a measure of participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and 6 used a combination of these. All three proxy measures had a modest positive association with cognition; occupational status and cognitive activities showed the most variation across cognitive domains. This supports the view that the commonly used proxy measures of CR share an underlying process but that each additionally provides a unique contribution to CR.
认知储备（CR）的替代指标与认知之间的关联在不同研究和认知领域中存在差异。这项荟萃分析旨在评估CR与多个领域（记忆、执行功能、视觉空间能力和语言）认知之间的关系。CR通过三个关键替代指标来考量——教育水平、职业地位以及参与认知刺激活动——分别考量以及综合考量。纳入了代表128328名参与者的135项研究。其中，109项使用了教育程度指标，19项使用了职业指标，31项使用了参与认知刺激活动的指标，6项使用了这些指标的组合。所有这三个替代指标与认知均存在适度的正相关；职业地位和认知活动在各认知领域中表现出最大的差异。这支持了以下观点，即常用的CR替代指标具有一个潜在的共同过程，但每个指标对CR都有独特的贡献。
