Department of Psychology,Manchester Metropolitan University,Manchester,UK.
Institute for Health and Society,Newcastle University,Newcastle,UK.
Psychol Med. 2018 Jan;48(1):61-71. doi: 10.1017/S003329171700126X. Epub 2017 May 19.
Cognitive reserve (CR) has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of depression in older people, yet it remains unclear whether CR moderates the association between mood and cognition. This study aimed to investigate whether a comprehensive indicator of CR, including education, occupation and engagement in cognitive and social activities, acts as a moderator of this association.
This was a cross-sectional study utilising baseline data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II (CFAS II), a large population-based cohort of people aged 65+ in England. Complete data on the measures of CR, mood and cognition were available for 6565 dementia-free individuals. Linear regression models were used to investigate the potential modifying effect of CR on the association between cognition and mood with adjustment for age, sex and missing data.
Levels of CR did moderate the negative association between mood and cognition; the difference in cognition between those with and without a clinical level mood disorder was significantly smaller in the middle (-2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.65 to -0.90) and higher (-1.30; 95% CI -2.46 to -0.15) CR groups compared with the lower CR group (-4.01; 95% CI -5.53 to -2.49). The individual components of CR did not significantly moderate the negative association between mood and cognition.
These results demonstrate that CR, indexed by a composite score based on multiple indicators, can moderate the negative association between lowered mood and cognition, emphasising the importance of continuing to build CR across the lifespan in order to maintain cognitive health.
认知储备（CR）与老年人更好的认知功能和更低的抑郁风险相关，但尚不清楚 CR 是否调节情绪和认知之间的关联。本研究旨在调查一种综合的 CR 指标，包括教育、职业以及参与认知和社会活动，是否可以调节这种关联。
这是一项利用英格兰一项大型基于人群的 65 岁以上人群认知功能和衰老研究 II（CFAS II）的基线数据进行的横断面研究。共有 6565 名无痴呆个体的 CR、情绪和认知测量的完整数据可用。使用线性回归模型，在调整年龄、性别和缺失数据后，调查 CR 对认知和情绪之间关联的潜在调节作用。
CR 水平确实调节了情绪和认知之间的负相关；与无临床水平情绪障碍的个体相比，CR 水平中等（-2.28；95%置信区间（CI）-3.65 至-0.90）和较高（-1.30；95%CI-2.46 至-0.15）的个体之间的认知差异明显较小，而 CR 水平较低的个体则明显较大（-4.01；95%CI-5.53 至-2.49）。CR 的个体成分并没有显著调节情绪和认知之间的负相关。
这些结果表明，CR 可以通过基于多个指标的综合评分来调节情绪和认知之间的负相关，强调了在整个生命周期中继续建立 CR 的重要性，以保持认知健康。
